Richard Lewontin: Biography Yeiyi Biologist

Zvemukati

• Lewontin ndomumwe wemakakatanwa ekushanduka-shanduka kwea biologist, mushori akasimba wegenetic determinism.
• Richard Lewontin Biography
• Makore ekutanga uye kudzidziswa
• Basa rehunyanzvi semuongorori
• Chiratidzo paEvolutionary Biology
• Bhizinesi rezvematongerwo enyika

Lewontin ndomumwe wemakakatanwa ekushanduka-shanduka kwea biologist, mushori akasimba wegenetic determinism.

Richard Lewontin anozivikanwa mukati memunda wake, shanduka biology, semunhu ane nharo. Iye anorwisa zvakasimba genetic determinism, asi achiri mumwe weakanyanya magene ezvechipiri chehafu yezana ramakore rechi20.

Iye zvakare ari wemasvomhu uye anoshanduka shanduka biologist, uye akaisa hwaro hwekudzidza kwehuwandu hwemajini, pamwe nekuve piyona mukushandisa kwema molecular biology michina. Ngatione zvakawanda nezve uyu muongorori kuburikidza ne ipfupi biography yaRichard Lewontin.

Richard Lewontin Biography

Tevere tichaona pfupiso yehupenyu hwaRichard Lewontin, uyo akave anozivikanwa nekudzidza huwandu hwevanhu genetics uye kushoropodza patsika dzeDarwin pfungwa.

Makore ekutanga uye kudzidziswa

Richard Charles 'Dick' Lewontin akazvarwa munaKurume 29, 1929 muNew York mumhuri yevaJudha vanobva kune dzimwe nyika.

Akaenda kuForest Hills High Chikoro uye École Libre des Hautes Études muNew York uye muna 1951 akapedza kudzidza kuHarvard University, achiwana degree rake mu biology. Gore rakatevera aizogamuchira Master of Statistics, ichiteverwa nachiremba mune zoology muna 1945.

Basa rehunyanzvi semuongorori

Lewontin akashanda pakudzidza kwehuwandu hwevanhu genetics. Iye anozivikanwa nekuve mumwe wevanhu vekutanga kuita komputa simulation yeiyo locus maitiro ejeni uye kuti ingagare nhaka sei mushure memazera mashoma.

Pamwe chete naKen-Ichi Kojima muna 1960, vakaisa muenzaniso unokosha kwazvo munhoroondo yebiology, kuumba maequation akatsanangura shanduko muma haplotype frequency mune mamiriro esarudzo yechisikigo. Muna 1966, pamwe naJack Hubby, akaburitsa nyaya yesainzi yaive shanduko chaiyo mukudzidza kwehuwandu hwevanhu. Uchishandisa magene eiyo Drosophila pseudoobscura kubhururuka, vakaona kuti paavhareji pakanga paine mukana we15% wekuti munhu wacho aive heterozygous, ndiko kuti, kuti vaive nemubatanidzwa weanopfuura imwechete kune rimwe geni.

Akave akadzidzawo kusiyanisa kwemajini muhuwandu hwevanhu. Muna 1972 akaburitsa chinyorwa maari iye yakaratidza kuti mazhinji ekusiyana kwemajini, padyo ne85%, inowanikwa mumapoka emuno, nepo misiyano inokonzerwa nepfungwa yechinyakare yerudzi isingamiriri inopfuura gumi muzana muzana yemarudzi akasiyana-siyana mumarudzi evanhu. Ndosaka Lewontin akapokana zvakanyanya nekushandurwa kwemajini kunovimbisa kuti kusiyana kwemadzinza, magariro, uye tsika chigadzirwa chakasimba chegadziriro.

Zvisinei, chirevo ichi hachina kucherechedzwa uye vamwe vaongorori vakataura zvakasiyana maonero. Semuenzaniso, muna 2003 AWF Edwards, muBritish genistist uye shanduko, aishoropodza zvirevo zvaLewontin, achiti rudzi, rwekunaka kana rwakaipisisa, rwungangotorwa seyakavakirwa taxonomic kuvaka.

Chiratidzo paEvolutionary Biology

Maonero aRichard Lewontin pamageneti anozivikanwa kushoropodza kwake kwevamwe vanoshanduka shanduka biologist. Muna 1975, EO Wilson, nyanzvi yekuAmerican biologist, akatsanangura shanduko yekushanduka kwehunhu hwemagariro evanhu mubhuku rake Zvemagariro evanhu . Lewontin akachengetedza kukakavara kukuru nevezvemagariro evanhu uye masayendisiti ekushanduka kwepfungwa, saWilson kana Richard Dawkins, avo vanopa tsananguro yemafambiro emhuka uye simba rezvemagariro maererano nemaitiro ekushandura.

Sekureva kwevaongorori ava, hunhu hwemagariro huchengetedzwa kana zvichireva kuti mhando yebhenefiti mukati meboka. Lewontin haasi kufarira chirevo ichi, uye muzvinyorwa zvinoverengeka uye rimwe remabasa ake anozivikanwa kwazvo Haisi MuGenes yakashora dzidziso yekushomeka kwemajini ekuderedza.

Mukupindura izvi zvirevo, akaronga pfungwa ye "kuonda." Mukati mekushanduka-shanduka kwebiology, yakaonda ndiyo seti yehunhu hwehupenyu huripo semhedzisiro inodiwa kuitira kuti humwe hunhu, pamwe hushandurike kana kuti zvimwe haugone, hunogona kuitika, kunyangwe husingareve kuvandudzwa kwesimba rayo kana kurarama kune iyo nharaunda. iyo yaakagara, ndiko kuti, iyi seti yehunhu haifanirwe kunge ichienderana.

In Hunhu uye Nharaunda , Lewontin inotsoropodza maonero echinyakare aDarwin ekuti zvipenyu zvinongogamuchira zvinokanganisa nharaunda. Kuna Richard Lewontin, zvipenyu zvinokwanisa kukanganisa nharaunda yazvo, zvichiita sevavaki vanoshanda. Zvigadzirwa zvemamiriro ekunze hazvina kugadziridzwa uye hazvisi zvinhu zvisina chinhu izvo mafomu ehupenyu anoisirwa saizvozvo. Aya niches anotsanangurwa uye akagadzirwa nehupenyu mafomu anogara maari.

Mukuona kwemaonero ekushanduka-shanduka, nharaunda inoonekwa sechinhu chakazvimiririra uye chakazvimiririra cheiyo muviri, pasina chekupedzisira chinokanganisa kana kuumba chekare. Asi, Lewontin anopokana, kubva pakuona kwakanyanya kuvaka, kuti muviri uye nharaunda zvakachengetedza hukama hwedare, umo zvese zvinofurira uye zvinoshanduka panguva imwe chete. Mumazera ese, zvakatipoteredza zvinoshanduka uye vanhu vanowana ese maviri maitiro uye maitiro.

Bhizinesi rezvematongerwo enyika

Richard Lewontin akanyora pamusoro pesimba rehupfumi re "bhizimusi rezvekurima", rinodudzirwa kuita bhizinesi rezvekurima kana bhizinesi rekurima. Akakakavara kuti chibage chemasanganiswa chakagadzirwa nekuparadzirwa kwete nekuti chiri nani kupfuura chibage chechivanhu, asi nekuti zvakabvumidza makambani ari muchikamu chekurima kumanikidza varimi kutenga mbeu itsva gore rega rega pane kudyara mhando dzadzo dzeupenyu hwese. .

Izvi zvakamutungamira kuti apupure pakutongwa kuCalifornia, achiedza kushandura mari yehurumende yekutsvagurudza mumhando dzakasiyana dzembeu, tichifunga kuti izvi zvaifadza makambani uye zvichikuvadza murimi wepakati weNorth America.