Optogenetics Zvikanganiso Zvinoburitsa Zviratidzo Nezve Hosha yeHuntington

Huru sainzi kuwanikwa kwesainzi uye kubudirira hazviwanzo kuve nemaonero nekugadzirwa. Semuenzaniso, nyanzvi yezvemabhakitiriya Alexander Fleming paakadzoka kubva kuzororo rezhizha mumatsutso a1928 achienda kunzvimbo isina kuchena, akawana kuti chakuvhe chine michina yebhakitiriya chakapinda mune yake Petri ndiro. Ichi chiitiko chakaitika chakatungamira mukuwanikwa kwepenicillin uye iyo 1945 Mubayiro weNobel muFizikiki kana Mushonga waFleming, Ernst Boris Chain, naHoward Walter Florey, pamwe neyekutanga kukudzwa doctorate yemishonga munhoroondo yeOxford University yakapihwa nyanzvi yezvinhu zvipenyu Norman Heatley basa mukuchenesa kwakakura uye kubviswa kwepenicillin.

Nekukurumidza kumberi kuzuva ranhasi mune rakasiyana zvachose ndima-neuroscience. Ndichiri kuita tsvagiridzo kuti tinzwisise izvo zvinokonzera chirwere cheHuntington uchishandisa mamiriro-e-e-ehunyanzvi hwekugadzira njere (AI) akagashirwa mugore, timu yevaongorori yakawana chimwe chinhu che optogenetics iyo inogona kukanganisa zvese zviripo uye nezveramangwana neuroscience kuedza, zvakare seyunopa ruzivo pane kusagadzikana kweurourogenerative. Yakabudiswa nhasi mumagazini yesayenzi Cell Reports , vaongorori vakazivisa kuwanikwa kwekuti optogenetic mwenje-kukurudzira kunogona kukonzera maitiro akafanana mumaseru ehuropi sekucherechedzwa kwechirwere cheHuntington (HD).

Chikwata chevaongorori veHD kubva kuIBM's Healthcare uye Hupenyu Sayenzi, iyo CHDI Foundation (biomedical research isina purofiti), uye University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), vakashandisa optogenetics uye nyika-ye-iyo-yehunyanzvi hwekuchenjera hwekugadzira (AI) yakagadzirirwa mhinduro.

Optogenetics inzira yekucheka-cheka umo kodhi yemageneti inowedzerwa kune yakanangwa sero, kazhinji neuron, kuitira kuti iburitse mapuroteni anoteerera anoteedza anonzi opsins. Neurons yakaiswa neopsin kubva kugirini algae Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, inonzi channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2), inogona kubatidza kana yaiswa kune bhuruu mwenje, uye kudzima kana mwenje wabviswa. Optogenetics yakapihwa "Nzira yeGore 2010" na Zvisikwa Nzira , uye inoshandiswa nhasi mukutsvagisa kwesainzi mune hunhu sainzi, neuroscience, ophthalmology, cardiology, uye mamwe masango - inowanzoonekwa senge nzira yegoridhe-yakajairika yekutsvagisa.

Dare rekutsvagisa rakashanda pamwechete nerabhoritari yaBaljith Khakh, Muzvinafundo wePhysiology neNeurobiology kuGeffen Chikoro cheMishonga kuUCLA. Khakh ndiye anotungamira mutsvagiri wemaastrocyte, nyeredzi-yakaita serin-neuronal glial cell ndiyo inonyanya kuwanda sero mhando mune yepakati tsinga system.

Chidzidzo chekare chakaburitswa muna Zvisikwa Neuroscience muna 2014 naKhakh nevamwe vake vaiongorora vakaratidza kuti chiteshi chisina kushanda muastrocyte chinogona kukanganisa kugona kwayo kubvisa kunze kwepasiyamu potasium iyo inotungamira kune yakawandisa potasium ichibatanidza mauroni. Izvi zvakavhiringidza kusagadzikana kwemakemikari kwakaita kuti maNeuron ari padyo anyanye kunetseka uye moto zvakareruke mumakonzo emarabhoti echirwere cheHuntington.

Pachidzidzo ichi, lab raKhakh rakapa data kubva ku14 optogenetic kuedza uko mauroni akakurudzirwa nemwenje webhuruu akange akwirisa mazinga eepotasium ekunze ayo aizozodzokera kubaseline mwenje wadzimwa.

"Zvaiita sekunge izvi zviedzo zvaigona kukonzeresa mhinduro yehukama inoenderana neHDD wozozvichinjisa mumaminitsi gumi chete," akanyora Sushmita Allam, MS, PHD, paboka reBM Research raBrain Modeling neNeural Tissue Simulations, mune IBM Research report. .

"Takashanda padhuze neCHDI nevanoongorora kuUCLA, tichishandisa IBM Cloud-based modelling kuratidza - kekutanga - kuti mamwe mapuroteni anonzwika mwenje akaunzwa mumasero mukati meiyo striatum anogona kukonzera maitiro akafanana anokanganisa kusagadzikana muuropi HD modhi mhuka, "akanyora Allam mushumo mumwe chete.

Iyo AI muchina wekudzidza mhinduro yakadzidziswa pane data rakanyorwa nevanoongorora veUCLA pachikwata. Maererano neuroscientist uye IBM Master Inventor James R. Kozloski kudhipatimendi reIBM reComputational Neuroscience uye Multiscale Brain Modeling, timu yakashandisa gore-based isina-kutonga kutonga kusiyanisa kwekushanduka (NSDE) algorithm.

"Izvi zvakatibvumidza kuti tigadzire mamodheru eiyo yakazara renji yematanho anokwanisika kukwirisa dhata, pane kungoita muenzaniso mumwe chete," akadaro Kozloski. "Iyi inyanzvi yeAI yakagadziriswa mhinduro kune ese maononal neuronal modelling matambudziko, kusanganisira ayo anosanganisira dhata yakaunganidzwa uchishandisa optogenetics."

"Takawana 110,000 yakasarudzika seti yemaroni parameter ayo aikwanisa kuburitsa mamiriro ezvechiedza-nechiedza uyezve kudzokorodza mhedzisiro yekukanganisa kwe potassium," akanyora Allam. kusvika ~ 1,100 mamodheru, imwe neimwe yainyatsoenderana neyakajeka data. "

Vatsvagiri vakaratidza kuti optogenetic mwenje yekumisikidza inogona kuchinja mhinduro dzeeuron uye mamwe maseru muuropi ayo anogona kukanganisa iko kuyedza. Chikwata chinopedzisa kuti mu optogenetics, iyo neuron's membrane zvivakwa, pamwe nekumisikidza uye kusagadzikana kweiyo magetsi-gated ion chiteshi, zvinokanganiswa nekuchinja-chinja kweyekunze maseru potasium; saka maseru physiology eastroscyte anofanirwa kutariswa nerudzi urwu rwezvidzidzo zveeuroscience mune ramangwana.

“Tinokurudzira kuti cellular neurophysiology inodiwa mukufambirana ne mu vivo zvidzidzo kuitira kuita dudziro yakakwana yeiyo neural wedunhu uye hunhu mibairo muzvidzidzo zvinoshandisa ChR2 uye nedzimwe nzira dzakabatana dze optogenetic, "vakanyora vaongorori.

Dare rekutsvagisa harina kutanga kutsvaga kusagadzikana mu optogenetics, iyo inoonekwa zvakanyanya yegoridhe chiyero cheeuroscience maturusi. Nekudaro, mukutsvaga kwavo kwesainzi havana kungoona chete avo vanopayona neuroscientists vakafumura matsva matsva pane neurodegenerative kusagadzikana senge chirwere cheHuntington, asi zvakare vakaita chakakosha kuwana icho chinogona kuvandudza iko kunyatso kweiyo neuroscience zvidzidzo zvinoshandisa optogenetics mune ramangwana.

Copyright © 2019 Cami Rosso Kodzero dzose dzakachengetedzwa.

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