Kuridza muridzo, Kusateerera Kwevanhu, uye Democracy

Munguva pfupi yapfuura, Mutungamiri weNational Security Advisor Michael Flynn akadzingwa nehutongi hwaTrump mushure mekunge vakuru vehurumende vaburitsa ruzivo rwakatsanangurwa kuvatori venhau nezve nhare yekutaurirana pakati paFlynn nemumiriri weRussia Sergey I. Kyslyak, zvichiitika pamberi pekugadzwa kwaTrump, kusanganisira (muchikamu) kurerutswa kwezvirango. pane maRussia akaisirwa nehutongi hwaObama pakupinda kwavo muUkraine. Mukupindura, kutsamwa kwaTrump manejimendi kwakanangana nekutarisa nekuranga avo vanobuda mukuburitsa ruzivo rwehurumende kune vezvenhau, asi kwete pachiito chaFlynn chisiri pamutemo chekukanganisa mutemo wehurumende uripo vachiri vanhuwo zvavo.

Mumashure mekudonha, vezvenhau vakakurukura zvine mutsindo nyaya yezvakanyanya kukosha, kumisa ma leaker kana kuferefeta zviito zvakaita saFlynn. Izwi rekuti "kuridza muridzo" rave nenzvimbo yakatanhamara mumakakatanwa aya, nevamwe mapato kune gakava vachirishandisa kurumbidza vaburitsi nekuda kwebasa ravo reruzhinji, nepo vamwe vachishora vanoburitsa mari se "matsotsi."

Mune ino mamiriro akapokana nemanzwiro pamwe nemhedzisiro inosvika kure kwekuchengetedzwa kwenyika, zvinogona kuratidza kubatsira kutsvaga nzwisiso yakajeka yemifungo inosanganisirwa, uye hukama hwavo nehurongwa hwegutsaruzhinji. Chokwadi, mubvunzo wekuti zviito zvevabiki zvakaruramiswa mubvunzo wehunhu, grist yechigayo chekuwongorora nevazivi vetsika.

Muchokwadi, chiitiko chekuridza muridzo chakagashira kutarisisa mumakumi matatu emakore apfuura nevazivi vanoshanda munzvimbo dzebhizinesi nehunyanzvi hunhu. Mukukwanisa kwangu semupepeti uye muvambi weInternational Journal yeApplied Philosophy, bhuku rekutanga repasi rose rakapihwa kumunda, ndakave nemukana wekubatsira kugadzira mamwe emabhuku aya, uye ndakashanda padhuze nevamwe vevanyori vane ruzivo mukati nzvimbo ino yakaita mushakabvu Frederick A. Elliston. Saka ndinonzwa musengwa wakakosha kuyera pamusoro penyaya iyi. Iyi blog yekupinda zvinoenderana nezvangu mupiro kukakavadzana.

"Kuridza muridzo," sekuwanzwisiswa kwazvinoitwa mumabhuku efilosofi, kunosanganisira kuziviswa nevashandi vemabhizimusi, eruzhinji nemasangano akazvimirira, kana masangano ehurumende, nezvezviito zvisiri pamutemo, zvounzenza, kana zvinokatyamadza zviri kuitika mumasangano iwayo. Chinangwa chekuburitsa pachena, kunyangwe ichi chiri chekukuvadza muiti wezviitiko zvisingagamuchirike, hazvina basa nekuti chiitiko chinokodzera sechiito chekuridza muridzo. Nekudaro, munhu anogona kuridza muridzo nekuda kwezvinangwa zvekuzvida, sekudzokera kune mumwe munhu. Saka nekudaro, mubvunzo nezve hunhu hwemunhu ari kuzivisa inyaya imwe; kuti kana iye munhu ari kuita muridzo kuridza kana kwete, uye kana kana kwete chiitiko ichi chakaruramiswa mibvunzo ine musoro.

Naizvozvo, hunhu hwechiito chekuridza muridzo, sekusiyana nechinangwa chemuridzi, chinoda kuongororwa zvichienderana nekuti huremu hwekuita zvisirizvo hwakakwana here kuratidza kuburitswa. Saka panogona kuve nesarudzo dzakashata (dzisina hunhu) dzekuridza muridzo nevanoridzira muridzo, senge nyaya yacho inogona kugadziriswa zviri nyore mukati mesangano; asi panogonawo kunge paine dzakanyatsosimba, zvisinei nechinangwa, kana njodzi yakanyanya zvekuti inoda kuunzwa kuruzhinji, uye kuridza muridzo ndiyo nzira chete yekuzadzisa chinangwa ichi.

Imwe yenyaya inoshanda ndeyekuti nhepfenyuro nharo dzinotenderedza kana ivo vanokwikwidza mukutonga kwaTrump vaine zvikonzero zvakashata zvekukanganisa hutongi hwaTrump zvine mutsindo hazvina basa kukodzera kwechiito chekuridza muridzo. Chokwadi, iyo Whistleblower Protection Enhancement Act ya2012 inojekesa izvi muchikamu chayo kuti, "kuburitsa hakubviswe [kudzivirirwa] nekuti .... yezvinangwa zvemushandi kana weanokumbira kuti aburitse."

Nekuremekedza hunhu hwezvinoburitswa pachena, iyo Whistleblowers Protection Act inodzivirira kuburitswa nevashandi vefederal, kana vekare vashandi, izvo izvo vashandi vanotenda humbowo "(A) kutyorwa kwemutemo chero upi, mutemo, kana mutemo; kana` (B) kutadza kutungamira kutambisa mari, kushandisa masimba zvisizvo, kana njodzi huru kuhutano hwevanhu kana kuchengetedzeka. " Nekudaro, muridzi wemuridzo anofanira kuve nekutenda zvine musoro kuti kutyora kuripo; asi, iyo vavariro kuzivisa izvo mushandi anotenda zvine musoro kuti kutyora hakuna basa. Saka, kuburitswa kwakaitwa nevakuru vehurumende maererano nekutaurirana kunopokana kwaFlynn kwakachengetedzwa zviri pamutemo?

Mhinduro ndeye. Mutemo unodawo kuti ruzivo rwaburitswa "haruna kunyatsorambidzwa nemutemo." Sezvo ruzivo irworwo rwakarongwa, rwakanga rusina kudzivirirwa neMutemo uyu. Nekudaro, iko kusiri pamutemo kwekuzivisa hakureve kuti kwaive kusiri tsika kuzivisa. Zvinoreva kuti vanhu vakazviburitsa havana kudzivirirwa pakutongwa nekuda kwekuziviswa.

Nenzira iyi, kuridza muridzo kumubvunzo kunofanana zvakanyanya chiito che kusateerera kwevanhu . Iyo yekupedzisira inosanganisira kuramba kwevagari kutevedzera mumwe mutemo unopokana nounzenza kana kusaruramisira. Kusateerera kwevanhu inzira yakakosha iyo shanduko yepamutemo inodikanwa inogona kukanganiswa. Chokwadi, mune yedu democracy, dai pasina munhu akambopokana nemitemo isina kururama, vangadai vasina kuzoshandurwa. Rosa Parks akaramba kusiya chigaro chake mubhazi kumurungu achishora mutemo wekuparadzanisa nyika yeAlabama, uye zvimwe zvese nhoroondo. Mutemo waive wakashata uye waida kukwikwidzwa, uye Rosa Parks (pamwe nevamwe) vakasangana nedambudziko iri uye vakabatsira kushandura mutemo waida kushandurwa.

Muchiitiko chekuridza muridzo, mugari wepachivande anogonawo kubatsira kukanganisa shanduko inodiwa munharaunda. Merrill Williams, mumiriri wezvematongerwo enyika akatora indasitiri yefodya, akatyora chibvumirano chekuvanzika kwekambani yemagweta yaakashandira kuitira kuti aburitse pachena kuti Brown & Williamson Tobacco Corporation, kwemakumi emakore, yaiviga nemaune humbowo hwekuti midzanga yaive yakakonzeresa uye muropa. Pamusangano wezvematongerwo enyika, mune yakashata yeWatergate, Associate Director weFederal Bureau yeInvestigation (FBI) Mark Felt (AKA "Deep Throat") akaridza muridzo pamusoro pezviito zvisiri pamutemo zveNixon management, zvakatungamira mukusiya basa kweMutungamiri. Nixon pamwe nekuvharirwa kweWhite House Chief weVashandi HR Haldeman uye United States Gweta General John N. Mitchell, pakati pevamwe. Zviripachena, pane zvisina tsarukano zvakaitika zvinoratidza kuti zviito zvekuridza muridzo zvinogona kupa mipiro yakakosha mukumisikidza mutemo pamwe nehunhu pakushandisa simba mukuchengetedza ruzhinji.

Kuchema kuridza muridzo uye kusateerera kwevanhu kunosanganisira kutora njodzi dzekuzvipomera zvisiri pamutemo kana zvounzenza, kusanganisira kurasikirwa nebasa, kushungurudzwa, kutyisidzirwa nerufu, kukuvara mumuviri, faindi, nekuiswa mutirongo. Nekuda kwekuti hunhu uye / kana hupamhi hwepamutemo hwakakura, uye muridzi wemiridzo anotsvaga shanduko idzi nekuda kwavo (kwete nekuda kwezvikonzero zvekuzvishandira), vanhu vanoita kuridza muridzo kana kusateerera kwevanhu kuita. tsika dzakashinga . Izvi zvinocherechedzwa nekuti vatsoropodzi vevanoridza muridzo uye vevasingateereri veruzhinji dzimwe nguva vanopomera zvisiri izvo kuti vanhu vakadaro "vatengesi," "matsotsi," kana vamwe vanhu vasina hunhu kana vakaipa. Mukupesana, vanogona kunge vari pakati pevanhu vakashinga, vane hushingi, kana vanoda nyika. Chimbofunga Rosa Parks! Akatyora mutemo wenyika yeAlabama, asi zvaizotinetsa kumuti "tsotsi." Kune rimwe divi, kune kuvimbika pakati pembavha, asi izvo hazviite kuti vave nehunhu.

Mune democracy, kuridza muridzo, pamwe nekusateerera kwevanhu, zvinoshanda basa rakakosha. Kunge mupepanhau, varidzi vemiridzo vanogona kubatsira kufumura kutyorwa kwakaipisisa kweruzhinji kuvimba nevatariri vehurumende, kazhinji vachishanda pamwe nevezvenhau, sezvakaitika kuna Flynn. Ichi chingave chikonzero nei vatungamiriri vezvematongerwo enyika vane huori vanovenga vezvenhau vachiwanzo kushora varidzi vemiridzo. Mukana sevaridzi vemiridzo, senge mupepanhau, vanotsvaga pachena, vanowanzoonekwa se "muvengi."

Kuvuza kwe Classified ruzivo rwehurumende nemuridzi wemhiripiri, nepo zvisiri pamutemo, zvinogona kubatsira chinangwa chakakosha munharaunda kana chikafumura njodzi huru yenyika. Mukuburitsa ruzivo rwakakamurwa, sezvazviri mune ruzivo rwekutaurirana kwaMichael Flynn neMumiriri weRussia, kudonha kwacho kunogona kuve kwakakosha zvikuru mukuchengetedzwa kwenyika. Kana paine kuyedza kushora kuchengetedzeka kwenyika nemuvengi wekunze, uye avo vanovimbwa nevanhu kuvadzivirira vari kubatana nemuvengi uyu, saka ruzivo rwakadaro rwunofanirwa kuziviswa kuruzhinji chero bedzi pasina imwe nzira inonzwisisika yekudzivirira zvinogona kukuvadza. Sezvo mukusateerera kwevanhu, isu taizotarisira kuti vaburitsi vanobatwa vachatongwa. Nekudaro, senhengo dzeruzhinji rwevanhu, tinofanirwawo kuvimba kuti ruzivo rwaburitswa rwuchatorwa zvakanyanya uye kuti chero kutyorwa kwezvekuchengetedzwa kwenyika kwakafumurwa kuferefetwa zvizere. Aya ndiwo mashandiro anoita democracy.

Saka zvaive zvine hunhu here kuti vakuru vehurumende vaburitse ruzivo nezve hurukuro dzaFlynn? Flynn, zvinonzi, akanyepera Vice-Mutungamiriri pamusoro pezviri mukati mehurukuro dzake, achiramba kuti vaisanganisira nhaurirano nezvezvirango kuRussia. Zvisinei, iyi nyaya ingadai yakaiswa nyore nyore kana vakuru vehurumende vakazivisa ruzivo urwu kuna V.P. kana kuvakuru vavo, vanogonawo, kuzivisa V.P. Muchokwadi, izvi zvakanyatsoitika apo Acting Gweta Guru Sally Yates akazivisa iyo White House nezvenhare dzakabatwa. Zvisinei, iyo inogona kukuvadza yakanga isiri iyo yekunyepera V.P .; zvaive zvakare nezve kukanganisa kukanganisa kuchengetedzeka kwenyika. Iyi yaive nyaya yekukurumidzira ingangobatwa nemazvo nehutongi hwaTrump pasina kuburitsa ruzivo kune vezvenhau?

Sezvazvakaitika, White House haina kudzinga Flynn kudzamara ruzivo rwaburitswa, kunyangwe hazvo rwakanga rwatambira ruzivo kubva kune Anoshanda Gweta Guru mavhiki mashoma apfuura. Nekudaro, zvinokwanisika kuti vaburitsi havana kuona imwe nzira yekugadzirisa zvinokanganiswa kunze kwekuridza muridzo kuna Flynn. Kuita izvi kungave kwakatobudirira pakubatsira kubvisa "chisina kusimba chinongedzo" muketani yemirairo. Zvisinei, zvinoramba zvichionekwa zvinozotevera.