Iyo yepasi pemvura Sharpshooter
Zvemukati
Pfungwa dzakakosha
- Archerfish inosvipa majeti emvura kudzinga zvipembenene uye zvimwe zvidiki kubva kumatavi ari pamusoro pemvura.
- Anokurumidza mafambiro anofambiswa akasunganidzwa pamwe nekupfura, kunyanya kukurumidza kuenda kumberi kweye pectoral fins.
- Aya mafambiro akanyatsoenderana nenguva ekupedzisira anodikanwa kudzikamisa mupfura kuti asarasike panguva yekusunungurwa kwejeti yemvura.
- Archerfish ine akati wandei maitiro ehunhu ayo anovagonesa kuvhima pasi-yakavakirwa mhuka.
Stefan Schuster, purofesa wezvipfuyo physiology paYunivhesiti yeBayreuth kuGerman, akashandisa yakawanda yemakumi maviri emakore apfuura achipinda mune kugona kunoshamisa kweArcherfish. Idzi hove diki, dzinozvarwa kumahombekombe ane matanda emangrove eSoutheast Asia neAustralia, anozivikanwa nehunhu humwe chete hunhu: nzira yavo yakasarudzika yekuvhima nyama-yakavakirwa mhuka.
Archerfish inosvipa majeti emvura kudzinga zvipembenene nedzimwe mhuka diki dzinozorora pamatavi kana mashizha pamusoro pemvura. Ihove dzakapfura zvine mutsindo, dzinokwanisa kuunza pasi mhuka kusvika pamamita matatu (10 ft) pamusoro pemvura. (Tarisa vhidhiyo nezve maitiro pano.)
Uye sekureva kwaSchuster nevamwe vanoshanda navo, archerfish inofara kupfura chero chinhu.
"Unogona kuvadzidzisa kupfura zvinhu zvakagadzirwa izvo zvisingawire mumvura uye kuvapa mubairo nechimwe chinhu," anodaro. “Izvi zvinoita kuti kuedza kwakawanda pamusoro pehunhu hwekupfura kuvepo. Uye munhu wese webazi anofunga kuti zvinonakidza kuti vabatsire pakuedza uku! ”
Svipa tora
Kwekudzidza, makore mashoma kumashure, Schuster newaaishanda naye Peggy Gerullis vakadzidzira hove yekupisa majeti avo emvura kubva munzvimbo dzakagadzika mumatangi avo. Vakaona kuti hove dzinovhura nekuvhara miromo yavo kuti vanyatsogadzirisa chimiro nekumhanyisa kwemajeti avo, zvinoenderana nedaro rechinangwa.
Munguva yekuongororwa kweanomhanya-mhanya mavhidhiyo ehove mbiri dzakadzidziswa, vaongorori vakaona chimwe chinhu chinoshamisa. Iyo yeArcherfish yakanga yakamira pavakasunungura majeti avo. Asi pamberi pehove dzisati dzapfura, vakatanga kufambisa mapeche avo epegidhi kuenda kumberi. Aya mafambiro airatidzika kunge aive nechekuita nekupfura.
Saka Schuster naGerullis vakaongorora mavhidhiyo avo zvakare, panguva ino nemeso avo pamapini. Vakasvikawo kune mumwe wavo archerfish muongorori Caroline Reinel, uyo akatsvaga mafambiro ekupedzisira mumavhidhiyo kubva pakuedza neisina kudzidziswa archerfish kupfura zvakasununguka. Akaona kuti mafambiro ekupedzisira aive akasunganidzwa zvine hungwaru neese yekupfura yekupfura.
"Tese takazviona zvichinakidza kuti hove yega yega yaive ichiita ichi kukurumidza kuenda kumberi kwemapini emapeti," anodaro Schuster. "Tinofunga chinhu chakakosha uye chakamboregeredzwa chekupfura."
Rubatsiro rudiki kubva pamapini angu
Mune bepa rakaburitswa mu Zvinyorwa zveYekuongorora Biology , Schuster, Gerullis, naReinel vanotsanangura izvi zvinoitika nekukurumidza kufamba kwekufamba uye kuratidza kuti zvinowirirana nekupfura.
Vatsvakurudzi vakaona kuti, zvishoma pamberi pese pfuti, kana hove painomira, mapikisi ayo emapectoral anotanga kurovera kumberi nekukurumidza. Kutanga uye kureba kwekufambisa kwekumberi uku kwakaratidzika kunge kunoenderana nekukwirira kwechinangwa.
Schuster nevamwe vake vanoti mafambiro ekupedzisira anogona kutora chinzvimbo mukugona kweakabata pfuti ine simba, refu-refu mvura jets. Iyo nguva yekufamba kwekupedzisira inoenderana neyakatarisirwa kudzoreredza mauto kubva kujeti inoratidza kuti ivo vanodikanwa kuchengetedza hove dzekupfura dzigadzike.
"Ichi chingori chimwe chehunhu hwehunhu hunoita kuti archerfish inakidze," anodaro Schuster. "Zvichida kuwanda kwesimba ravo ndiko kunoita kuti hove idzi dzikoshe."
Bevy yekuchinja maitiro
Muzvisikwa, archerfish yakakomberedzwa nevakawanda vanokwikwidza. Kana imwe archerfish ikabudirira kuburitsa nyama yepanyika, uye ikawira pamusoro pemvura, mupfuri anofanira kutora sarudzo nekukurumidza kuti asvike pamberi peimwe hove.
"Dai archerfish chete yaigona kuita pasi pemhuka, mhuka yacho yaizorasika," anodaro Schuster. Dzimwe hove, dzimwe dzakashongedzerwa zvirinani kuti dzione mafungu emvura pamusoro pemvura, inogona kurova mupfura kuenda kunzvimbo yakawira mhuka.
Sekureva kwaSchuster, pfuti yega yega yearcherfish inoda kuwanda kwekuverenga kwakaomarara: Haisi chete iyo hove dzinofanirwa kunongedza majeti avo emvura vachiripa kuburitsa uye daro, asi vanofanirwawo kuona kuti chavanobata chichava papi uye vasvike pakutanga.
Schuster ari kuongorora sarudzo dzemhando yepamusoro muArcherfish uye akaona kuti, zvichibva pakatarisa kufamba kwekutanga kwechinhu chiri kudonha, hove inomira nekukurumidza inomira inoenda kwavanoburukira uye inovapa kumhanya kusvika panguva imwe chete chakabiwa.
"Izvi zvinoreva kuti pachangotanga kudonha chimwe chinhu, hove dzinenge dzatove munzira uye panzvimbo chaiyo imwe hove isati yatoona kuti pane chaitika," anodaro Schuster. "Uye ivo vanoita sarudzo yake munguva pfupi, 40 ms chete yakakwana."
Kunyangwe nezvakawanikwa izvi zvichangoburwa, Schuster anoti ruzivo rwedu rweArcherfish haruna kukwana.
"Mumakore makumi maviri apfuura, archerfish yakagara ichishamisa," anodaro.
“Kune dzimwe mhando dzemhuka dzinofanirwa kugona kuita zvinhu zvinoshamisa kuti dzirarame. Ukatarisa padyo nepedyo, unogara uchiwana zvakawanda. ”
Zvimwe Zvinhu
5 Zvikonzero Zvokurima Bindu Zvinogona Kubatsira Kuporesa Kushungurudzika
