Iwo maABC eEvidence-Yakavakirwa Therapies (EBTs) yeVana

Iyi positi yevaeni yakapihwa naSofia Cardenas, mudzidzi akapedza kudzidza muUSC Psychology department's Clinical Science chirongwa.

Wakaverenga ese mablog ekuvhiya uye uri kutanga kufungidzira kuti mwana wako anoda rubatsiro kune hutano hwepfungwa. Unozviwana uri pamhepo, uchipururudza kuburikidza nesarudzo dzakawanda dzekurapa. Unofanira kuedza Kutamba Therapy? Pamwe mishonga inogona kutora kumucheto kwezviratidzo? Ko zvakadii nezve chimwe chinhu "chechisikigo" semakristasi ekuvhura mwana wako mudzi chakra uye nekuchenesa yavo aura? Sarudzo dzakanyanya, mwana wako anoda rubatsiro, uye iwe uchaedza chero chinhu panguva ino chero bedzi zvichibatsira!

Chinyorwa ichi chakarehwa segwara rekukubata iwe neruzivo rwekuita sarudzo, inotsigirwa nesainzi nezve ramangwana rehutano hwepfungwa dzemwana wako. Rangarira kubvunza chiremba wako wemhuri waunovimba kana nyanzvi yehutano hwepfungwa kana uchifunga nzira yekupedzisira yekuita.

Zviratidzo-Zvakavakirwa Kurapa (EBTs). Ndezvipi izvozvo?

Nyanzvi dzehutano hwepfungwa (senge varapi vepfungwa, vezvepfungwa, vezvemagariro, vekuroora uye vezvekurapa vemhuri) vanogona kushandisa nzira dzakasiyana dzakasiyana kubatsira vana nevatengi vechidiki nezviratidzo zvehutano hwepfungwa. "Uchapupu-hwakavakirwa Kurapa" (EBTs) ndiwo marongero akaedzwa munzvimbo dzesainzi uye akaratidzirwa kushanda. Dzimwe nzira dzekurapa - senge hwekare hwehupenyu hwekudzosera kurapwa kunopihwa kwaunogara yoga studio - hazvina kuongororwa zvakaomarara. Nei izvi zvichikosha? EBTs kurapwa uko kune humbowo hwesainzi hunotsigira kushanda kwavo, zvinoreva kuti vanogona kunge vari mukana wekubatsira mwana wako. IAmerican Psychiatric Association uye iyo American Psychological Association inonyora EBTs senge 'yakasarudzika' uye 'maitiro akanakisa' ekurapa hutano hwepfungwa.

Semuenzaniso wekongiri, tarisa basa raDr. Philip Kendall naMuniya Khanna. Vakagadzira chirongwa cheMwana Anxiety Tales, icho chinoumbwa nemamodhi gumi ekudzidzisa anodzidzisa vabereki nzira dzekubatsira vana vavo nekushushikana. Zvekufunganya kwevana Tales yakavakirwa pamakumi emakore anoverengeka ekutsvaga pamusoro pekushushikana kwevana uye yakaonekwa seinobatsira muyedzo yekutsvaga.

EBTs saizi imwe inokwana zvese here? Kana kurapa kwakasiyana kunoshandira kusagadzikana kwakasiyana here?

EBTs inowanzo gadzirirwa kunongedza imwe yakatarwa yezviratidzo. Tafura iri pazasi inonyora mimwe mienzaniso yeESB dzezvimwe zvinowanzoitika zvinetso zvehucheche. Iwe unogona kucherechedza maitiro- akasiyana akasiyana eCognitive Behaeveal Therapies (CBTs) anoita kunge anobatsira akasiyana siyana matambudziko. CBT inotarisa pane pfungwa yekuti pfungwa, manzwiro, uye maitiro zvakabatana kwazvo, saka kuchinja imwe yenzvimbo idzi (semuenzaniso, maitiro) kunogona kureva kuvandudzwa mune imwe (semuenzaniso, manzwiro).

Semuenzaniso, CBT yakanangana nePanic Disorder inoshanda kuti ione, kupokana, uye kugadzirisa pfungwa dziri kuchengeta zviratidzo zvekuvhunduka zvakapoterera, semuenzaniso, kutya kwekunzwa kwemuviri kunotungamira mukuvhunduka, uko kunobva kwashanduka kuita kurwisa kwakazara.Imwe nzira yeCBT yekudzora kutya zviratidzo kuratidza, mune izvo mwana anokurudzirwa (nerutsigiro rwehunyanzvi hwepfungwa hwepfungwa) kutarisana nechiitiko kana chiratidzo chemuviri chavanotya mumamiriro ehupenyu chaihwo (semuenzaniso, kufamba wega wakabatikana mall kana kusimudza ruoko mukirasi) uye zviitiko zvemuviri (semuenzaniso, kufema kuburikidza nehuswa kuti utange kunzwa kwehyperventilating, chiratidzo chakajairika chemuviri chekuvhunduka kurwisa).

Vana vazhinji vane comorbidities (i.e., kuva neanopfuura mamiriro ehutano hwepfungwa). Iyi chati iri pamusoro inosanganisira kurapwa naDr John Weisz, purofesa weHarvard wezvekurapwa kwepfungwa. Dr. Weisz akagadzira iyo MATCH-ADTC (Modular Maitiro ekurapa kweVana vane Kushushikana, Kushungurudzika, Kushungurudzika kana Kuzvibata Matambudziko). MATCH-ADTC kupindira kwepfungwa kwakagadzirirwa kurapa vana vane zvinopfuura kamwe hutano hwepfungwa (kureva, hunhu hunokanganisa, kunetseka-kunetseka, kushungurudzika, uye kushushikana). Iyo yekurapa ine makumi matatu nematatu zvidzidzo zvinogona kusanganiswa uye kuenzaniswa kune chaicho zvinodiwa nemwana.

Evhangeri-Yakavakirwa Kurapwa (EBTs) inotsigirwa sei nesainzi? Kliniki miedzo!

Kurapa kusati kwaonekwa se "humbowo-hwakavakirwa," zvidzidzo zvega zvega zvinofanirwa kuitwa kuti vaone kana dzimwe nzira dzekurapa dzichibatsira padambudziko rehutano hwepfungwa. Izvi zvidzidzo zvinodaidzwa kuti "kiriniki miedzo," uye zvinowanzo sanganisira vangangoita gumi nevaviri vevatsvagurudzo muchidzidzo chega chega. Ava vatori vechikamu vekutsvagurudza vane mhando yakafanana yedambudziko, senge makiriniki emazinga ekutsamwa kusingaperi, kushushikana, kana kushushikana. Vatsvagiridzi vekutsvagurudza "vakapihwa zvakasarudzika" kuti vagamuchire Kurapa X kana Kurapa Y, zvinoreva kuti vakafanosarudzika nenzira yakasarudzika kune kumwe kurapwa kuchipesana neumwe. Kana Kurapa Y kuchibatsira vana kupfuura Kurapa X, ipapo Kurapa Y kwakagamuchira kutsigirwa kana humbowo hwekushanda kwayo. Nekufamba kwenguva, vaongorori vazhinji vanoedza kudzokorora izvi zvakawanikwa mumakiriniki akasiyana ekuedza. Panguva iyo kurapwa kunoonekwa seEBT, ine tsvagiridzo yekuitsigira iyo inoratidza kuti inobatsira pakurapa chirwere chakapihwa. Kana Kurapa Y kuchiramba kuchishanda, kunogona kuve kurapwa kwe "goridhe", zvinoreva kuti inozivikanwa pachena senzira yekurapa yehutano hwepfungwa.

Kana mwana wako kana achiri kuyaruka angave achifarira kuve chikamu chemuedzo wekiriniki kuti agamuchire kurapwa uye kubatsira kufambisira mberi sainzi, unogona kuenda kune webhusaiti yakagadzirwa neNational Library yeMishonga kuti uwane rondedzero yakazara yemakiriniki ese ari kuitiswa. muUnited States nedzimwe nyika 208.

Unoda kutarisa iyo data iwe pachako? Dzidza izvo zvekutanga kuti uongorore sainzi iri kumashure kwekuyedzwa kwekiriniki

Heano matanho maviri anodiwa:

Nhanho 1: Tsvaga mapepa ekutsvaga

Iyi nhanho inoita kunge iri nyore, asi zvakaoma kupfuura iwe zvaungafunge nekuti mapepa anoburitswa mumabhuku ekutsvagurudza ayo asiri iwo akazarurirwa veruzhinji. Tinokurudzira kuti utange waedza kushandisa Google Scholar, injini yekutsvaga yakagadzirirwa zvakanakira zvinyorwa zvedzidzo. Ipapo, iwe unogona kuisa izwi rekutsvaga rine chekuita nemusoro wenyaya wako wekufarira, senge "kurapwa kwevana kushushikana" kana "gender dysphoria tsigiro," uye iwe unenge uine runyorwa rwezvinyorwa zvevadzidzi zvine chekuita nemusoro wako. Mazhinji ezvinyorwa izvi anonyora zita, vanyori, uye tsananguro pfupi yepepa uye nezvayakawana. Nehurombo, mune dzakawanda zviitiko, iwe haugone kuwana iyo izere bepa kuburikidza aya mawebhusaiti.

Neraki, vaongorori vanowanzo kuve vakasvinura pamusoro pekugovana kwavo kutsvagisa uye vazhinji vanotumira zvinyorwa zvavo paPejiGate, kunyanya iyo Facebook yesainzi, uko vanotsvagurana vanogona kugovana mapepa uye kubatana. Iwe unogamuchirwa kuti ushandise peji rewebhu rekutsvagisa uye uone kana vakatumira chinyorwa cheruzhinji kana saiti inogadzira zvinyorwa, senge PsyArxiv. Iwe unogona kutotaurirana nemutsvagiri zvakananga kuburikidza neayo email email kero kuti ubvunze kana ivo vachida kugovana basa ravo newe.

Zvinogona kutaridza sebasa rakawandisa kutsvaga zvinyorwa, asi zvakakosha nekuti zvinyorwa zvinoburitswa mumajenari "zvinowedzeredzwa," zvichireva kuti rimwe boka remasayendisiti rakaongorora basa revanyori uye vakariona rakaoma sainzi. Aya mahunyanzvi achaongorora ese mativi ekutsvagisa- dhizaini, manhamba akashandiswa, uye kunyangwe nzira iyo mhedzisiro inokurukurwa - kuona kuti zviri musainzi. Maitiro ese aya anogona kutora mwedzi kusvika pamakore, asi kana ongororo ikabuda kubva pakuongorora kwevezera rako, unogona kuva nechivimbo chakanyanya chekuti mhedzisiro iri sainzi yemhando yepamusoro.

Nhanho 2: Verenga mapepa ekutsvagisa neziso resainzi

Paunenge iwe uchinge wawana pepa rekutsvagisa pane yakapihwa kuyedzwa yekiriniki, unogona kutanga kuongorora mhando yechidzidzo. Hezvino zvinhu zvishoma zvaunofanira kutsvaga:

1. Huwandu hwevanhu vari mukutongwa - Paunenge uchitarisa kuyedzwa kwekiriniki, huwandu hwevanhu vari muchidzidzo hwakakosha. Yakawanda inoitwa zvakanaka kiriniki miedzo ichave nehukuru hukuru hwemuenzaniso nevanhu makumi mashanu kusvika kuzana revanhu paboka. Izvi zvakakosha kuti uve nechokwadi chekuti mhedzisiro haina kukonzerwa nenyaya yakanyanyisa mukati meboka revanhu vari muchidzidzo.

2. Dhizaini Yekutsvagisa - Izvo zvakakosha kuti uongorore kutsvagisa dhizaini yezvidzidzo zvinotsigira EBTs. Iyo yegoridhe dhizaini dhizaini yekiriniki yekudzidza ndiyo "randomized inodzorwa kaviri-bofu kuyedzwa." Izwi iri muromo! Ngatizviputsei.

Randomized-Mazhinji emakiriniki ekuedzwa akasarudzika. Sezvambotaurwa pamusoro apa, randomization zvinoreva kuti vaongorori vanopa varwere mumapoka akasiyana, kazhinji boka rekurapa uye boka rinodzora kana mamwe marapirwo mapoka. Randomization yakakosha mukuona kuti vaongorori havana rusaruro, uye semuenzaniso, kuisa varwere muboka ravanofunga kuti vanogona kuita zvakanyanya. Zvakare, kusarongeka kunotendera kuti vaongorori vaone kuti zvimwe zvinhu zvinogona kukanganisa mashandiro anoita - senzvimbo yezvehupfumi, mamiriro erudzi, kana mukadzi- zvakagovaniswa zvakaenzana pamamiriro / mapoka akasiyana muchidzidzo.

Inodzorwa- Mazhinji emakiriniki ekuedzwa anosanganisira boka rekuenzanisa. Boka rekufananidza rinogamuchira placebo (kureva, hapana kurapa kunoshanda) kana kumwe kurapwa. Izvi zvakakosha pakudzidza nekuti zvinobvumira vaongorori kuti vatarise mhedzisiro yeboka rakafanana revana kana vachiri kuyaruka vasiri kuwana kurapwa kuri kuferefetwa.

Kaviri-Bofu- Haasi mazhinji emakiriniki ekuedzwa ari maviri-bofu. Asi zvakapetwa-bofu zvidzidzo zvinowana imwe "goridhe nyeredzi" maererano nesainzi dhizaini. Kaviri-bofu zvinoreva kuti kana ivo vari mumayedzo kana muyedzo vanoziva kana akapihwa kurapwa mutori muboka rekutonga kana boka rekurapa. Iri bhizimusi rinonyengera kubvisa chidzidzo chebofu-bofu. Kunyangwe zvakadaro, kuyedzwa kwakapofomara-kunobatsira kuona kuti tarisiro dzevatori vechikamu kana dzevaongorori dzekuti kurapwa kwakapihwa kunogona kana kusashanda hakugone kuvasarura panguva yekudzidza.

Iwe ndiwe mumiriri wemwana wako, uye ikozvino une hunyanzvi hwekutanga kuti utarise iyo data iwe pachako. Isu tinoshuvira iwe unonzwa uchinge uchinge uchinge uchine simba kuti uone kana iko kutsvagisa kuri kusvika kune ako matanho!

Ndekupi kwekuwana humbowo hwakagadziridzwa pane EBT?

Heano mamwe eakanyanya zviwanikwa ekukubatsira iwe kuchengeta tabo pane humbowo-hwakavakirwa marapirwo:

Tsvagurudzo-Inotsigirwa Psychological Kurapwa

Sangano rekuzvibata uye kufunga kwekurapa