Ngwarira Muridzo

Chii chinouya mundangariro paunonzwa izwi, "muridzi wemiridzo"? Kazhinji, izwi iri rinogadzira mifananidzo yevashandi vanoisa mabasa avo nehupenyu hwavo pamutsetse kuitira kuti vafumure zvisina kukodzera kumabasa sekubiridzira kana kumwe kushungurudzwa kunyangwe zvisiri pamutemo, zvisina hunhu kana zvisina hunhu. Mune rimwe remablogi angu apfuura, ndakanyora nezvekupinda hurukuro naSherron Watkins, aive mumwe wevaridzi vekutanga varidzi venhepfenyuro mukufumura nyaya yeEnron. Zvaive zvisinganzwisisike kunzwa kuti Mai Watkins vakanga vaenda sei kubva pakuva pakati penzvimbo yemukati kuEnron, nekuzoziva kuti Enron execse vaishandisa sei nzira dzekunyepedzera kukwidza mutengo weEnron stock uye kushandisa misika yegasi chaiyo. Zvakatoipisisa ndezvekuti ivo vamwe vatungamiriri pavakange vatiza neEnron mushandi wemudyandigere mari kuitira kuvhara zvikwereti. Imba yemakadhi payakadonha, Enron akadzika pasi nesimba uye vazhinji mukati meEnron yepamusoro echelon vakatarisana nenguva yejeri, nepo Enron vashandi (kusanganisira Watkins) vakasara vasina mabasa kana mapensheni.

Nekudaro, havazi vese vanoridza muridzo vakafanana. Tora semuenzaniso basa raMatthiesen, Bjorkelo naBurke (2011), uyo akange anyora bhuku rine musoro unoti: Kushanda Kudheerera seRutivi Rweruzha rwekuRidza muridzo. Ivo vanopa tsananguro yakadzama yeese ari maviri anozvipira muridzo uye avo vanoridza muridzo vanokurudzirwa nechero zvavo nekuzvifarira. Miethe (1999) anonongedza kuti nepo vamwe varidzi vemiridzo vanogona kuonekwa sevanhu vasina basa, vanozvipira vanozvitorera "pamutengo unoshamisa" vamwe vanogona kurondedzerwa se "vanozvida uye vanozvikudza" (anowanzo rondedzerwa se "maputi", "makonzo", "Moles", "finks" uye "blabbermouths" .zvakakosha kuti titarise zvinokurudzirwa nevanoridza muridzo.Semuenzaniso ivo vanokurudzirwa nepfungwa yehana yekuzvibata kuti vagadzirise zvimwe zvisirizvo kana kuunza gadziriso kumamiriro ezvinhu apo makambani , masangano kana vanhu varikuita zvisiri pamutemo, zvisina hunhu kana zvisiri pamutemo? Rudzi urwu rwemuridzi wemiridzo kazhinji rwuri kuita zvisina basa kuti zvifambire zvakanaka. Zvisinei, zvakadiniko nemamiriro ezvinhu apo "muridzi wemiridzo" asingaite zvichienderana nezvinangwa zvekuzvipira sekuburitsa huwori, kubiridzira kana kutadza asi kungoita nemakaro, kutsiva, kana kuwedzera mukana wekuzvisimudzira pamanera emakambani kana kuumba ruzivo rwenhema kuitira kuunza pasi maneja, CEO kana mumwe wavanoshanda naye uye anogona kuzviita asingazivikanwe zvisinei, pasi pemutemo uripo wekuridza muridzo vanhu ava vaizodzivirirwawo kubva mukutsiva, nenzira imwechete iyo avo vanofumura kubiridzira kana kuba nekuda kwetsika kana kuzvipira zvikonzero zvinodzivirirwa. Vazhinji vedu hatina dambudziko nevanoridzira muridzo vachipihwa chengetedzo pasi pemutemo kana chikonzero chavo chakarurama uye chakanaka, asi zvakadiniko nevanyengeri vanoridza manyepo nekunyepera ruzivo kuti vazvisimudzire? Hausi here mumwe weMirairo Gumi, "Usapupurira Manyepo Wako"? Mune mamwe mazwi, usaite manyepo nezve vamwe vanhu, handiti?

Muchiitiko chaicho chekunyepedzera kuridza muridzo kwatinoziva isu pachedu, director wehurumende wedunhu wedunhu uyo ​​akagadzwa naGavhuna wenyika iyoyo hunyanzvi hwake uye makore makumi maviri ezviitiko mubasa rake akashoreka neboka revatungamiriri venyika avo yakanga yapfuudzwa pamusoro pekusimudzirwa. Mutungamiriri pakupedzisira akamanikidzwa kusiya chigaro paakapomerwa mhosva yekupa zvipo ku "shamwari dzake", apo zvazviri, kuwedzera mari kwaive tsika inogamuchirwa pakati pevatungamiri vake. Uyezve madhora ese emari yemubhadharo yakashandiswa yakaverengerwa sezvo yakaenda kumabasa ekuvaka uye kuwedzera chirongwa chebasa. Unogona kutarisira kuona kubva pamuenzaniso uyu nei nyanzvi zhinji dzisingade chikamu chehurumende kana hurumende yemubatanidzwa nekuda kwemhando dzekunyeya dzatinorondedzera muchidimbu pamusoro, pamwe nered tape iyo inodzivirira vanhu vakazvipira kubva mukugona kuita chinhu chakakodzera uye kuwana zvinhu. zvaitwa. Panzvimbo pezvo izvo zvinodzidziswa nevatungamiriri vazhinji maitiro emutambo. Chinoita kuti zvinhu zvinyanye kuoma ndechekuti "vekunze" kune nyika kana hurumende yemubatanidzwa vanogadzwa kunzvimbo dzechiremera vasina vashandi vanovatsigira. Kazhinji hazvigare kwenguva refu uye meseji yavanouya nayo ndeyekuti "nyanzvi hadzifanirwe kunyorera".

Saka chii chatinogona kudzidza kubva pane ino "muridzo"? Kutanga, havazi vese vanoridza muridzo vane ushingi, vane hunhu uye vasina hanya saSherron Watkins kana wemakemikari, Jeff Wigand akafumura manyepo eindasitiri yefodya kuruzhinji maererano nekukuvara kwechokwadi kwekusvuta fodya. Havasi vese vasingazivikanwe vanopomera uye vanoridza muridzo vane vavariro dzakarurama. Vamwe vari kunze kunosimudzira kwavo kwavo mabasa uye minhenga matendere avo. Paunenge uchisarudza kuti ndechipi, pane mazano maviri: 1) sarudza kuti ndiani anobatsirwa nemuridzi anotora matanho uye 2) tevera mari ... kureva. uyo anowana mari yakawanda.

Kune vese imi sociopaths-in-kudzidzira kunze uko, kana iwe uchida kubvisa wako webasa, waunoshanda naye kana kunyangwe CEO, gadzira manyepo pamusoro pavo ugare pasi woona mafiraya. Iti varikuita bonde nemakwai kana chimwe chinhu zvakaenzana sekushatirisa nekuti panguva inozopera guruva uye mukuru wako kana mutariri anoregererwa, pacharamba paine avo vanotenda zvese zvavanoverenga mupepanhau uye vacharamba vachifunga, "pamwe ini mukuru anga arara nemakwai ”. Tora semuenzaniso iyezvino Gavhuna weNew Jersey, Chris Christie. Pakave nezviitiko zviviri zvakakura apo Christie akange achipomerwa mhosva yekukanganisa. Yekutanga uye yazvino kwazvo inyonganiso yeBridge Gate, iyo iri kungotanga kuwana tambo. Vamwe vanoti Bridge Bridge inogona kunge iri iyo yakakonzera kuti Christie asasarudzwe semumhanyi waTrump. Mumwe wacho aisanganisira nyaya yakatyorwa neNew York Times muna2012 iyo yaiti zvisungo zvaChristie kumakondirakiti emamiriyoni emadhora zvakapihwa kumahofisi epakati pevanhu vanobhadharwa nenyika. Iyo Times yakataura kuti mazhinji edzimba dzepakati idzi aisatariswa zvakanaka uye zvakajairika kuti vagari vepakati peimba vasiye vasati vapedza nguva yavo. Mune chimwe chiitiko chakadai, mumwe wevaimbove vashandi, David Goodell, uyo akabvisa kubva kune ino isina kumhanya hafu imba, akazouraya aimbova musikana. (Inonzwika yakafanana nenyaya yaWilly Horton yakatambudza mukwikwidzi weMutungamiri wenyika, Michael Dukakis mushandirapamwe? Vazhinji nanhasi, vachiri kubvunza kuti nei?

Saka heino chinhu chekufunga nezvacho. Nei dzimwe nguva chaidzo dzekusarongeka, kubiridzira kana huwori zvinotaurwa nevanoridza muridzo zvisingambogadzirise shanduko (sezvakaitika kuna Gavhuna Christie) nepo mune zvimwe zviitiko kupomedzerwa kwenhema kunoitwa nevasingazivikanwe vanoridza muridzo kunogona kukonzera kuti vanhu vanokwanisa varasikirwe nemabasa. Izvi zvingaite chidzidzo chinonakidza kutarisa mamiriro ezvinhu apo kupomedzerwa kwevaridzi vanowana traction uko mune zvimwe zviitiko vanowira munzira.

Mareferenzi uye kuverenga kwakakurudzirwa:

Vane Unoshanda Vanoshanda navo: Maitiro Ekuita Nevasina Kushanda Vanhu paJobho. A. Cavaiola naN. Lavender.

Babiak, P. & Hare, R. D. (2006). Nyoka mumaSutu: Kana maPsychopaths Achienda Kubasa. New York: Harper Collins.

Dolnick, Sam (2012, Chikumi 16). Sekupukunyuka kuri kubuda, bhizinesi rekuranga rinobudirira. New York Times.

Krugman, Paul (2012, Chikumi 21). Majeri, kubvisirwa mari pamwe nekuchengetedza. New York Times.

Mattiesen, S. B., Bjorkelo, B., & Burke, R. J. (2011). Kudheerera kubasa

Kuridza muridzo. Muna S. Einarsen, H. Hoel, Zapf, D. & Cooper, CL (Eds.) Kudheerera uye

Kushungurudzwa Pabasa. 2nd ed Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press / Taylor & Francis Boka (pp 301-324).

Miethe, T. D. (1999). Kuridzira muridzo kubasa: Sarudzo dzakaomarara mukufumura hunyengeri, marara uye kushungurudza pabasa. Boulder, CO: Westview Press.