Precuña: Hunhu Nemabasa Echikamu Ichi CheBongo

Zvemukati

• Ichi chikamu checerebral cortex inowanikwa mune parietal lobe uye ine akati wandei mabasa.
• Precuña: tsananguro, chimiro uye nzvimbo
• Zvimiro
• Autobiographical ruzivo (episodic memory)
• 1. Visuospatial kugadzira
• 2. Kuzviziva
• 3. Kuziva kwekuziva
• 4. Kubatanidza musimboti
• Pre-wedge muchirwere cheAlzheimer

Ichi chikamu checerebral cortex inowanikwa mune parietal lobe uye ine akati wandei mabasa.

Uropi hwemunhu inhengo yakaoma kunzwisisa uye inonakidza. Chero cerebral hemisphere inoumbwa nemalobes akati wandei.

Uye mune yepamusoro parietal lobe, yakavanzwa pakati pezvikamu zveitsinga fibers, tinogona kuwana pre-wedge, rakasarudzika dunhu rehunhu hwayo uye nemabasa ayo akaverengerwa kwariri senhare huru yekubatanidza nzvimbo, pamwe nekutora chikamu. mumaitiro ekuzviziva. .

Muchikamu chino tinotsanangura izvo pre-wedge iri, chimiro chayo uye kwachinowanikwa, mabasa ayo makuru ndeapi uye nebasa ripi mukuvandudza kwechirwere cheAlzheimer.

Precuña: tsananguro, chimiro uye nzvimbo

Iyo pre-wedge kana precuneus ndeye nharaunda iri mune yepamusoro parietal lobe, yakavanzwa mukati mehurefu hwehurefu hwehuropi, pakati pemaviri hemispheres. Yakaganhurirwa kumberi nebazi rekumucheto kweiyo cingate sulcus, mune yepashure chikamu neparieto-occipital sulcus uye, pazasi, neiyo subparietal sulcus.

Dzimwe nguva, iyo pre-wedge yave ichitsanangurwa senzvimbo yepakati yeparietal cortex yepamusoro. Mune cytoarchitectural mazwi, izvo inoenderana nenzvimbo yaBrodmann 7, kukamurwa kweparietal dunhu rekortex.

Uye zvakare, ine yakaoma kortical yakarongeka muchimiro chemakoramu uye ndeimwe yenzvimbo dzehuropi iyo inotora yakarebesa kupedzisa myelination (maitiro ayo axon akaputirwa ne myelin ku, pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, kugadzirisa kumhanya kwekushushikana kufambisa huta). Yayo morphology inoratidza akasiyana misiyano, zvese muchimiro uye nehurefu hweshure.

Zvakare, iyo pre-wedge ine dzakawanda neural kubatana ; padanho rekortical, inobatana nenzvimbo dzenzwi, nenzvimbo dzine chekuita nemabasa epamusoro, ndangariro uye kuronga mota, uye neyekutanga kortex yekuona; uye padanho re subcortical, ine hukama hwakakosha neiyo thalamic nuclei uye hutsi hwehuropi.

Iyo pre-wedge chivakwa chakawedzera zvakanyanya muvanhu kupfuura mumhuka, nekuti padanho rekushanduka kwave nekuwedzera kukuru muhukuru (muchimiro uye pamusoro) weparietal uye kumberi kumberi kwehukama hwecerebral cortex zvichienzaniswa ne imwe mhuka yese, nezvazvinoreva izvi maererano nekuvandudzwa kwemabasa epamusoro ekuziva. Naizvozvo, chimiro chakamutsa kufarira kukuru munharaunda yenzvimbo dzesainzi, kunyangwe iri anatomically so "elusive" (nekuda kwenzvimbo yayo).

Zvimiro

Iyo pre-wedge ndeye imwe yenzvimbo huru dzekugadzirisa uye kusangana kwehuropi hwedu, uye inoshanda senge rudzi rwe conductor iyo iyo yakawanda yemasaini anodiwa kuti nhengo iyi ishande seyakafambiswa yakazara kupfuura.

Pazasi pane akasiyana mabasa anofungidzirwa kune pre-wedge:

Autobiographical ruzivo (episodic memory)

Iyo pre-wedge inoshanda inoenderana neye kuruboshwe prefrontal cortex, inobatanidzwa muzvirongwa zvine chekuita episodic memory uye autobiographical ndangariro. Mupfungwa iyi, inotora chikamu muzvinhu zvakaita sekucherechedzwa, kupora kwepisodic memory, kushanda ndangariro kana maitiro ekuziva kwekuziva.

1. Visuospatial kugadzira

Imwe yemabasa akakosha mune iyo pre-wedge yakanzi ive nechekuita ndeye visuospatial kugadzirisa; Iyi nharaunda yaizotora chikamu mukati manejimendi yekutarisisa kwenzvimbo, kana paine kufamba uye, zvakare, kana mifananidzo ikagadzirwa.

Izvo zvakare zvinotendwa kuve inokonzeresa kufambisa mota mune akapatsanurwa maitiro ekutarisa; Ndokunge, pazvinodikanwa kusimudzira kutarisa kunzvimbo dzakasiyana kana nzvimbo dzenzvimbo (semuenzaniso pakunyora chinyorwa kana kupenda pendi). Uye zvakare, iyo pre-wedge yaizovhurwa, pamwe neiyo premotor cortex, mukushanda kwepfungwa kunoda kutariswa kwemaonero.

2. Kuzviziva

Kuferefetwa kwakasiyana siyana kwakabatanidza pre-wedge nemaitiro umo hana yemunhu inopindira; Mupfungwa iyi, ino dunhu rehuropi raizove nebasa rakakosha mukubatanidzwa kwemaonero edu pachedu, mune hukama hwenzvimbo, hwenzvimbo uye hukama hwehukama. Iyo pre-wedge yaizove mukutungamira kwekugadzira iyo kunzwa kwekuenderera pakati pehuropi, muviri uye nharaunda.

Mune zvidzidzo nemifananidzo inoshanda, zvakaonekwa kuti chimiro chehuropi ichi chinoongorora uye chinodudzira "chinangwa" chevamwe nezvedu isu ; ndiko kuti, zvaizoita senzira yekuongorora kutonga kwevamwe kunoda kuturikira kwakaringana kuitira kuti zviitwe (semuenzaniso netsitsi).

3. Kuziva kwekuziva

Pamusoro pekuve nebasa rakakosha mukuzviziva-maitiro, zvakataurwa kuti pre-wedge inogona kunge iri, pamwe chete ne posterior cingate cortex, inoenderana nekugadziriswa uye kuziva kwekuziva kweruzivo.

Izvo zvakacherechedzwa kuti cerebral glucose metabolism inowedzera zvakanyanya panguva yekumuka, zvinopesana nezvinoitika kana uri pasi pesimba reanesthesia. Zvakare, panguva yekunonoka kwemafungu ekurara uye nekukurumidza kufamba kwemaziso kana REM kurara, iyo pre-wedge ingangove iri kure.

Kune rimwe divi, zvinofungidzirwa kuti mabasa ekuziva ane hukama nenzvimbo iyi yehuropi anogona kubatsira mukubatanidza ruzivo rwemukati (runobva muuropi nemuviri wedu) neruzivo rwezvakatipoteredza kana rwekunze; Nekudaro, iyo pre-wedge yaizoita basa rakakosha mumaitiro anounza kuziva uye nepfungwa zvakawandisa.

4. Kubatanidza musimboti

Zvakawanda uye zvakanyanya zvidzidzo zvinotsigira iro basa reiyo pre-wedge se nzvimbo yekubatanidza yemagetsi emagetsi yehuropi, nekuda kwekukwirira kwayo kwepamusoro muiyo cortical network yenhengo iyi uye hukama hwayo hwakawanda uye hune simba nenzvimbo dzekutungamira dzinotarisira mabasa makuru sekuronga. , kutarisira uye kuita sarudzo.

Pre-wedge muchirwere cheAlzheimer

Chirwere cheAlzheimer muchikamu chayo chekutanga, inotanga nematambudziko emagetsi munzvimbo yepakati parietal lobes. Zvinotaridza kuti kuwedzerwa kwenzvimbo idzi dzehuropi ndiko kunopa kumwe kushushikana kune inotevera neurodegeneration inotambudzwa nevarwere ava.

Ongororo dzinoverengeka dzakaratidza kuti panogona kuve nehukama pakati pekuzvitakura nekukura kwechirwere chakakomba ichi.Sezvatakambotaura kare, pre-wedge yakashanduka zvakasiyana muvanhu kupfuura mhuka: musiyano mukuru zvine chekuita nemamwe ma primates, semuenzaniso, ndechekuti chimiro ichi chinopa zvakanyanya zvakakwirira metabolic nhanho.

Sezviri pachena, iyo pre-wedge ine yakakwira nhanho ye metabolic kuburitsa pane yaizoenderana nekuda kwehukuru hwayo, iyo inoitikawo nehunhu hwayo hwekupisa. Chinhu chinonakidza ndechekuti cheAlzheimer chinotanga nematambudziko emetabolism chaizvo munzvimbo yakadzika yepakati yeparietal, uko pre-wedge iripo. Uye hunhu hweAlzheimer ndeye phosphorylation yematau mapuroteni, ayo anoitika mumhuka dzinozeya dzinobhururuka dzichipindura shanduko mukushisa.

Izvo zvinoratidzirwa nevesaurositi ndezvekuti chirwere chinowanzoitika uye hunhu hwevanhu seAlzheimer hwaizobatanidzwa nenzvimbo dzehuropi idzo dzine morphology chaiyo zvakare muvanhu. Uye izvo zvavari kubvunza ndezvekuti kuwedzera kwekuoma kwenzvimbo idzi dzehuropi kwaigonawo kunge kwakakonzera kuwedzera kwekushomeka kwezvinhu izvo, chechipiri, zvinogona kukonzeresa kuwedzera kwemetaboli mutoro, kushushikana nekushushikana uye nematambudziko emagetsi anokonzeresa kuti munhu atambure kubva kuchirwere cheAlzheimer.

Nekudaro, iyo inogona kubatana pakati peiyo pre-wedge uye zvimwe zvakafanana zvivakwa pamwe nekuvandudzwa kweizvi nezvimwe zvirwere zvehutachiona zviri kuongororwa, nechinangwa chekutsvaga mishonga mitsva uye yekurapa zvinangwa zvinoporesa kana, zvirinani, kunonoka kufambira mberi kwavo.