Genetic Psychology: Izvo Zvazviri Uye Maitiro Akavandudzwa naJean Piaget

Zvemukati

• Genetic psychology ndeimwe yenzvimbo dzekutsvaga dzakasimudzirwa naJean ìaget.
• Genetic psychology: chii icho?
• Jean Piaget sekureva
• Kubudirira kwegenetic psychology
• Kubudirira kwepfungwa
• Piaget akanzwisisa sei ruzivo?

Genetic psychology ndeimwe yenzvimbo dzekutsvaga dzakasimudzirwa naJean ìaget.

Zita rezvemagenyure psychology rinogona kunge risingazivikanwe nevakawanda, uye anopfuura rimwe chete rinozokuita kuti ufunge nezvehunhu hwemageneti, kunyangwe hazvo, sekuumbwa kwazvakaitwa naPiaget, uyu munda wekudzidza nezvepfungwa une chekuita nehunhu.

Genetic psychology inotarisa mukutsvaga nekutsanangura genesis yekufunga kwevanhu mukati mekusimudzira yemunhu. Ngatinyatsoongororai pfungwa iyi pazasi.

Genetic psychology: chii icho?

Genetic psychology ibasa repfungwa rinoona nezve kuferefeta maitiro, kwavo uye hunhu. Edza kuona kuti mashandiro epfungwa anokura sei kubva paudiki, uye tsvaga tsananguro dzinonzwisisika. Iyi munda wepfungwa wakagadziriswa nekuda kwemipiro yaJean Piaget, anokosha kwazvo wezvepfungwa weSwitzerland mukati mezana ramakore rechi20, kunyanya zvine chekuita nekuvaka.

Piaget, kubva pakuona kwake kwekuvaka, akaisa pfungwa kuti maitiro ese ekufunga uye nehunhu hwepfungwa zvinhu zvinoumbwa muhupenyu hwese. Izvo zvinhu zvinokonzeresa kuvandudzwa kweimwe yakasarudzika fashoni yekufunga uye inoenderana ruzivo uye ungwaru ichave iri, kunyanya, chero chekunze kurudziro iyo iyo munhu anogamuchira mukati mehupenyu hwake.

Zvinogoneka kuti zita renhoroondo yepfungwa rinotsausa mukufunga kuti rine chekuita nekudzidza kwemajini neDNA mune zvese; zvisinei, zvinogona kutaurwa kuti munda uyu wekudzidza hauna chekuita nenhaka yehupenyu. Iyi psychology ndeyemageneti kusvika pairi inotaura nezve genesis yemafungiro epfungwa, ndiko kuti, riini, sei uye nei pfungwa dzevanhu dzakaumbwa.

Jean Piaget sekureva

Sezvatatoona, chinomiririra chimiro mukati mechirevo chemajini psychology munhu waJean Piaget, anofungidzirwa, kunyanya mukuvandudzwa kwepfungwa, mumwe wevanonyanya kubata masayendisiti epfungwa nguva dzese, pamwe naFreud. uye Skinner.

Piaget, mushure mekuwana doctorate mu biology, akatanga kudzika mune zvepfungwa, ari pasi pekudzidziswa naCarl Jung naEugen Bleuler. Imwe nguva gare gare, akatanga kushanda semudzidzisi mune chimwe chikoro muFrance, kwaakange achibata-bata nenzira iyo vana vaivandudza nekuziva, izvo zvakaita kuti atange kudzidza kwake mukusimudzira psychology.

Ari ipapo, akatanga kufarira kunzwisisa mafungire aigadzirwa kubva paudiki hwehukama, kuwedzera mukufarira kuona shanduko dzaitora nzvimbo zvichienderana nedanho raive nemucheche uye kuti izvi zvinogona kukanganisa sei, kwenguva refu, mukuyaruka kwavo uye kuva vanhu vakuru.

Kunyangwe zvake zvidzidzo zvake zvekutanga zvaive chinhu chakanyanya kucherechedzwa, zvaive kubva pamakumi matanhatu paakatanga kuwana mukurumbira mukati mehunhu hwesainzi uye, kunyanya, mukusimudzira psychology.

Piaget aida kuziva kuti ruzivo rwakaumbwa sei uye, kunyanya, kuti rwakapfuura sei kubva pazivo chaiyo yehucheche, umo tsananguro dzakareruka dzakawanda uye diki kure kubva kune 'pano nanhasi', kune yakaoma kunzwisisa, senge mukuru, mune kufunga kwekufungidzira kune nzvimbo.

Nyanzvi yezvepfungwa iyi yanga isiri constructivist kubva pakutanga. Paakatanga kuferefeta kwake, akaoneswa pesvedzero dzakawanda. Jung naBreuler, waakadzidziswa pasi pake, vaive padhuze nepfungwa dzepfungwa uye eugenic dzidziso, nepo maitiro akajairika mukutsvaga aive empiricist uye rationalist, dzimwe nguva padyo nehunhu. Nekudaro, Piaget aiziva kutora nzira yake yaive yakanakisa pabazi rega rega, achitora chinzvimbo chemhando yekudyidzana.

Behavioral psychology, inotungamirwa naBurrhus Frederic Skinner, ndiyo yazvino yakadzivirirwa zvakanyanya nevaya vakaedza, kubva mumaonero esainzi, kutsanangura hunhu hwevanhu. Hunhu hwakanyanya hwekuzvibata hwakadzivirira hunhu uye kugona kwepfungwa kunoenderana nenzira yakakosha pane zvekunze izvo munhu akafumurwa.

Kunyangwe Piaget akadzivirira zano iri zvishoma, iye zvakare yakafunga nezvezvinhu zvine hungwaru. Ivo vafungidziri vakafunga kuti tsime reruzivo rwakavakirwa pachikonzero chedu pachedu, chinova chimwe chinhu chemukati kupfuura izvo zvakadzivirirwa nema empiricist uye ndizvo zvinoita kuti tikwanise kududzira nyika nenzira yakasarudzika.

Nekudaro, Piaget akasarudza chiono umo akabatanidza zvese kukosha kwezvinhu zvekunze zvemunhu uye chikonzero chake nekwaniso yekuziva pakati pezvinofanira kudzidziswa, pamusoro penzira iyo inokurudzira iyo inodzidza.

Piaget akanzwisisa kuti nharaunda ndiyo honzeri huru yekukudziridza kwehungwaru kweumwe neumwe, zvisinei, nzira iyo munhu anobata nayo nharaunda imwechete iyoyo yakakoshawo, izvo zvinoita kuti vapedzisire vavandudza ruzivo rwutsva.

Kubudirira kwegenetic psychology

Kamwe chiratidzo chake chekudyidzana kwekufunga chikatangwa, icho chakazopedzisira chave kushandurwa kuita Piagetian constructivism sezvazvinonzwisisika nhasi, Piaget akaita tsvagiridzo kujekesa zvakanyatsojeka kuti chii chaive kukura kwehungwaru kwevana.

Pakutanga, chiremba wepfungwa weSwitzerland akaunganidza dhata nenzira yakafanana kuti inoitwa sei mukutsvagisa kwetsika, zvisinei haana kufarira izvi, nekuda kweichi chikonzero akasarudza kugadzira nzira yake yekuongorora vana. Pakati pavo paive Naturalistic kucherechedza, kuongororwa kwemakiriniki emakesi, uye psychometry.

Sezvo iye pakutanga aive achisangana ne psychoanalysis, munguva yake semuongorori aisakwanisa kudzivisa kushandisa hunyanzvi hwakajairika hwazvino hwepfungwa; zvisinei, akazoziva nezve kushomeka kweiyo psychoanalytic nzira iri.

Ari munzira achiedza kuona kuti pfungwa dzevanhu dzinogadzirwa sei mukuvandudzika uye achiwedzera kutsanangudza zvaainzwisisa sedziviriro yezvepfungwa, Piaget akanyora bhuku raakaedza kubata chimwe nechimwe chezvaakawana uye kufumura nzira yakanakisa yekugadzirisa kudzidza kwekuvandudza njere. uduku: Mutauro uye kufunga muvana vadiki .

Kubudirira kwepfungwa

Mukati mezve genetic psychology, uye kubva paruoko rwaPiaget, mamwe matanho ekuvandudzwa kwekuziva akataurwa, izvo zvinotibvumidza isu kuti tinzwisise shanduko yezvimiro zvepfungwa zvevana.

Aya matanho ndiwo anouya anotevera, atinozogadzirisa nekukurumidza uye nekungoratidzira ari maitiro epfungwa anomira mune yega yega.

Piaget akanzwisisa sei ruzivo?

Kuna Piaget, ruzivo hausi mamiriro ezvinhu, asi chiitiko chinoshanda. Iye wenyaya anoedza kuziva imwe nyaya kana chinhu chechokwadi chinoshanduka zvinoenderana nezvaanoedza kuziva. Ndokunge, paine kudyidzana pakati penyaya neruzivo.

Empiricism yakadzivirira zano rakapesana naPiagetian. Vaya vezvematongerwo enyika vakapokana kuti ruzivo irworwo rudzi rwekungogara, mune iyo nyaya inosanganisa ruzivo kubva pane zvine musoro ruzivo, pasina chikonzero chekupindira vakamukomberedza kuti vawane ruzivo rutsva.

Nekudaro, iyo empiricist chiratidzo hachibvumiri kutsanangura nenzira yakatendeseka kuti sei genesi rekufunga uye ruzivo rutsva runowanikwa muhupenyu chaihwo. Muenzaniso weizvi tinawo nesainzi, iyo iri kuramba ichifambira mberi. Izvo hazviite saizvozvo nekutarisa kwepasirese zvepasi, asi nekufungidzira, kugadzirisa nharo uye nzira dzekuyedza, izvo zvinosiyana zvichienderana nezvakawanikwa.