Mitambo Yemhuka: Ndeapi Maitiro Ezvipfuyo Anotidzidzisa Nezve Kudheerera

Zvemukati

• Kudheerera Kwakakosha Kuverengwa
• Kudheerera Kunoshanda Iri Mutambo: Sangana neVatanhatu Mabara

Hunhu hwekudheerera hunogona kumbomiswa here? Kwehafu gumi apfuura kana kupfuura kutarisisa kwedu kutambura chaiko kunokonzereswa nekushusha kwakatungamira kune indasitiri yese yakanangana ne "vanodheerera." Asi zvakadaro kutarisisa kwedu kwese kwenyaya iyi, zvanyatsoita here kudzikisira hutsinye muzvikoro, kumabasa nekumunharaunda?

Zvichida chimwe chikonzero chakave chakaoma kushandura maitiro ane hukasha nekuti nekutarisa kune mumwe munhu "anodheerera," tinorasikirwa nekuona kwesimba reboka repfungwa kukonzera vamwe vane moyo munyoro uye vane hunhu kuti vaite hutsinye uye vasina hunhu. Ichi chiitiko cheboka rechisimba chinotsamwiswa nyore nyore, uye chakanyanya kusimba, kana mumwe munhu ari muhutungamiriri achijekesa kuti vanoda mumwe munhu kunze. Kana izvozvo zvikaitika, vari pasi vanokurumidza kupindura kushevedzo yekubatsirwa kubvisa mushandi asingadiwe, mudzidzi, kana shamwari.

Mubhuku rangu nyowani, Mhomho! Kupona Kwevakuru Kudheerera uye Kubvuta , Ini ndinoongorora zvinoitika zveboka rinorwisa uye ndinopa nzira dzinoverengeka dzekuzvichengetedza. Rakanyorwa kunyanya kune vashandi, asi rinoshanda kune ingangoita marongero anogara vanhu uye vanoshanda pamwechete mumapoka, Mhomho! inotarisa zvakadzama maitiro emhuka kuratidza kuti huwandu hwehasha hwatinoona munzvimbo dzemagariro hwakazvarwa, hwakafananidzirwa uye hunofungidzirwa. Kana chiri chizvarwa, saka, chingamiswe here? Ndingati kwete, haigone kumiswa zvachose, asi inogona kudzivirirwa, kana kudzorwa, muzviitiko zvakawanda - kana icho chinangwa chikave nekuziva uye kugadzirira. Zvichida nzira yakanakisa yekurarama nehutsinye hweboka haisi kunyanya kushandura maitiro evanoshusha, sezvo iri kudzidza kubva kumhuka izvo izvo chinangwa chingaite kushandura mhedzisiro kana mazino aburitswa. Heino chidimbu:

Ongororo yePrimate yakaratidza kuwanda kwenzira idzo hunhu hwekushusha hwemunhu ane chinzvimbo chepamusoro anogona kushandura dzimwe nhengo dzerunyararo muboka rematsotsi. Tora rhesus tsoko, semuenzaniso. Mubhuku rake, Macachiavellian Intelligence: Maitiro akaita Rhesus Macaques uye Vanhu Vakakunda Nyika , primatologist Dario Maestripieri anoratidza hunyanzvi uye nzira dzekunyengedza idzo rhesus tsoko dzinoshandisa kuwana chinzvimbo uye simba munzanga dzadzo — nenzira yakafanana nenzira inoshamisa nemabatiro anoita vanhu kubasa nekuhondo.

Maestripieri anovhura bhuku rake nenyaya yeanodheerera macaque anoruma murume anodiwa anoyaruka mukomana anonzi Buddy. Panzvimbo pekumisa kupokana nekupokana nekurohwa zvakaenzana-kunorwadza, kana kuratidza kuzviisa pasi nekuzvipira kune anodheerera, Buddy akatiza nekutambudzika. Nekutadza kuwana kana kuratidza ruremekedzo, kuratidzwa kwaBuddy kweutera kwakakoka kutsvaga, uye anodheerera akawedzera kushungurudzwa kwake, sezvo shamwari dzaBuddy dzakamhanyira kujoina mukufara. Panzvimbo pekubatsira shamwari yavo yanga ichirwiswa, zvakadaro, shamwari dzaBuddy dzakamutevera nekumurwisa, zvichikonzera vatsvagiri vaive vachiona kusangana kuti vabvise Buddy muboka kuti azvidzivirire.

Buddy paakadzoserwa kuboka, vaaitamba navo vakamurova, vachimuwisira pasi vachimupikisa kuti arwe. Achiri kushaya simba kubva paanesthesia iyo vaongorori yaakange amupa mushure mekumubvisa kubva pakurwiswa kwekutanga, nyika yaBuddy iri panjodzi yakashandiswa nevanotamba navo vaakakura navo. Mastripieri anotsanangura zvakaitika:

“Bhudhi apedza mazuva ese ehupenyu hwake munzvimbo yakavharirwa nedzimwe tsoko dzose. Vose vanodya chikafu chimwe chete uye vanorara pasi pedenga rimwe chete. . . . . Vakanga varipo paakazvarwa. Ivo vakamubata uye vakamugumbatira iye achiri mucheche. Vakamuona achikura, zuva nezuva, mazuva ese ehupenyu hwake. Asi, iro zuva, dai vaongorori vasina kutora Buddy muboka, angadai akaurayiwa. . . . Akanga asina simba uye asinganetseki. Hunhu hwedzimwe tsoko hwakachinja nekukasira uye zvinoshamisa - kubva pahushamwari kuenda mukusagarisana, kubva pakutamba kusvika pakurwisa. Kunetseka kwaBuddy wakave mukana wevamwe kugadzirisa mamakisi ekare, kunatsiridza chinzvimbo chavo muhutongi hwehutongi, kana kubvisa vangangokwikwidzana naye zvachose. Mune rhesus macaque nzanga, kuchengetedza chinzvimbo chemunhu munzanga, kushivirirwa nevamwe, uye kupona zvachose kunogona kuvimba nekumhanya kwaanomhanya uye mashandisiro anoita munhu chiratidzo chakakodzera, nemunhu chaiye, panguva yakakodzera. ” (Mastripieri, 2007: 4, 5).

Iyi nzira imwechete yekushungurudza inowanikwa mumapere ayo anowanzo ronga kurwisa mamwe mapake emhumhi, asi anowanzo sarudzira nhengo dzisina kusimba dzeboka ravo nekushungurudzwa kwenguva yakareba, kazhinji nguva dzose inokurudzirwa nealpha mhumhi uye inoitwa pamwe nekuteerera kwekupenga mhumhi dzepazasi. Sekureva kwenyanzvi inozivikanwa yechisikigo uye nyanzvi yemhumhi R. D. Lawrence, mapere chaizvo "anotevera mutungamiri wavo" uye vovhura nhengo dzavo dzepakiti kana alpha yepamusoro inodaro. Kuti amise kushungurudzwa, mhumhi inotambudzwa inofanira kuratidza zviratidzo zvekuzviisa pasi - nekurara nemusana, kufumura huro, dumbu nekugomera kunherera - kana nekutiza.

Kune zvimwe pane zvazvinoreva kuratidza kuzviisa pasi kana kutiza munzvimbo yebasa kana nharaunda, tarisa pane Mhomho! Inowanikwa paMhando, asi kana iwe usina Kindle, unogona kurodha mahara app yekuverenga pane iyo Amazon saiti iyo inokutendera iwe kuverenga chero Kindle bhuku. Uye kana iwe usiri kuda kuverenga iro bhuku, gara wakarinda pane ino saiti kwandinoenderera mberi nekukurukura nzira dzakawanda idzo hutsinye hwevanhu hunopisirwa nekusimbiswa kana iko kurwisa kwekurwisa kwanzwika. Pane nzira dzinopfuura imwe dzekurova anodheerera, uye zvinotanga nekuzviziva pachedu - uye nemhuka dzedu hunhu.

Kudheerera Kwakakosha Kuverengwa

Kudheerera Kunoshanda Iri Mutambo: Sangana neVatanhatu Mabara