Nei Uchifanira Kutarisira Nezve Quantum Neuroscience

Kana iwe usati wanzwa, Quantum sainzi yakachena chena izvozvi, nehurukuro inonakidza yemafungidziro ane simba simba risingafungidzike, Ultra-inoshanda yakawanda quantum kutaurirana uye isingapindike cyber kuchengetedzwa kuburikidza nequantum encryption.

Sei zvese hype?

Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore, Quantum sainzi inovimbisa hofori kusvetukira kumberi panzvimbo yemwana matanho atakakujairira kuburikidza nesainzi yemazuva ese. Mazuva ese sainzi, semuenzaniso, inotipa makomputa matsva ayo akapetana musimba makore ese 2-3, nepo Quantum sainzi inovimbisa makomputa nevakawanda mabhiriyoni enguva simba rakawanda kudarika komputa yemhasuru iripo nhasi.

Mune mamwe mazwi Quantum sainzi, kana ikabudirira, ichaunza shanduko yekushanduka kwetekinoroji iyo ichagadzirisa nyika sezvatinozviziva, nenzira dzakadzama kupfuura zvinoita Internet kana mafoni.

Iwo mikana inofema yeiyo Quantum sainzi zvese zvinomuka kubva kuchokwadi chimwe chakareruka: quantum phenomena inoputsa zvachose mitemo inoganhurira izvo "zvechigarire" (zvakajairika) zviitiko zvinogona kuzadzikiswa.

Mienzaniso miviri iyo Quantum sainzi inoita izvo zvaimbove zvisingaite nekukasira zvinogoneka, ndeyekuwandisa kuwanda uye kuwanda kwequantum.

Ngatitangei nekuita superposition yekutanga.

Munyika yakajairika, chinhu chakadai sebaseball chinogona kungova munzvimbo imwechete panguva imwe chete. Asi muhuwandu hwenyika, chidimbu senge elektroni chinogona kutora nzvimbo dzisingaperi dzenzvimbo panguva imwe, iripo mune izvo zvefizikisi zvinodaidza kuti superposition yenzvimbo dzakawanda. Saka muhuwandu hwenyika, chinhu chimwe chete dzimwe nguva chinozvibata sezvinhu zvakawanda zvakasiyana.

Iye zvino ngationgororei kuwanda kwakawanda nekuwedzera fananidzo ye baseball zvishoma zvishoma. Munyika yakajairika baseball mbiri dzakagara mumaki rakasviba munhandare huru dzeligi muLos Angeles neBoston zvakazvimiririra zvachose, zvekuti kana ukavhura rimwe remakiya ekuchengetera kutarisa rimwe baseball, hapana chaizoitika kune rimwe baseball. mune yerima yekuchengetera rakakiira 3,000 mamaira kure. Asi muhuwandu hwenyika, maviri ega zvikamu, senge mafotoni unokwanisa kubatwa, zvekuti chiitiko chekungonzwa imwe photon ine detector chinomanikidza imwe photon, kunyangwe iri kure zvakadii, kutora imwe nyika.

Kusungirirwa kwakadaro kunoreva kuti muhuwandu hwenzvimbo, zvinhu zvakasiyana zvakasiyana zvinogona dzimwe nguva kuzvibata sechinhu chimwe chete, zvisinei nekuti zvipenga zvakasiyana zvakadii.

Izvi zvingave zvakaenzana nekushandura mamiriro e baseball imwe - toti, kuimanikidza kuti ive pamusoro kana pasherufu yepasi yeiyi yekuchengetera - nekungovhura rakavharirwa mamaira 3,000 kure uye kutarisa zvachose zvakasiyana baseball.

Aya maitiro "asingagone" anoita huwandu hwezvinhu hwakakodzera kuita zvisingaite ne, semuenzaniso, makomputa. Mumakomputa akajairwa ruzivo rwakachengetwa runogona kunge riri zero kana imwe, asi mukomiyumu yecompum yakachengetwa zvishoma, inonzi Qubit (yakawanda yakawanda), zero uye imwe panguva imwe chete. Nekudaro, uko irinyore memory store yemasere masere inogona kuve nechero yega nhamba kubva ku0 kusvika 255 (2 ^ 8 = 256) ndangariro ye8 Qubits inogona kuchengeta 2 ^ 8 = 256 manhamba akapatsanurwa zvese kamwe chete! Iko kugona kwekuchengetedza zvakanyanya ruzivo rwakawanda ndosaka makomputa ehuwandu achivimbisa huwandu hwekusvetuka mukugadzirisa simba.

Mumuenzaniso uri pamusoro, chiyeuchidzo chisere mumasvomhu makomputa anochengeta manhamba mazana maviri nemakumi maviri nematanhatu pakati pegumi neshanu nemakumi maviri neshanu ese kamwechete neapo ndangariro dzisere mukomputa yakajairika inongochengetera nhamba imwe chete pakati pa0 na255 panguva imwe. Zvino chimbofungidzira makumi maviri nemana quantum memory (2 ^ 24 = 16,777,216) iine katatu chete maQubits akawanda sekuyeuka kwedu kwekutanga: inogona kuchengeta kurova 16,777,216 akasiyana manhamba kamwechete!

Izvo zvinotisvitsa pamharadzano yeQuantum sainzi uye neurobiology. Uropi hwemunhu ipurosesa ine simba kwazvo kupfuura chero komputa iripo nhasi: inowana imwe yesimba rinotyisa nekushandisa huwandu hwehusimbe nenzira imwecheteyo inoita makompiyamu euwandu?

Kusvikira nguva pfupi yadarika, mhinduro yefizikisi kumubvunzo uyu yanga iri "Kwete".

Quantum phenomena senge superposition inotsamira pakuparadzanisa izvo zviitiko kubva munharaunda yakatenderedza, kunyanya kupisa munzvimbo iyo inoisa zvimisikidzo zvinofamba, ichigumburisa iyo hyper-yakashata yequamu imba yemakadhi e superposition uye kumanikidza chimwe chidimbu kutora chero poindi A kana poindi B , asi hazvina kumbobvira zviri zviviri panguva imwe chete.

Nekudaro, kana vesaenzi pavanoongorora huwandu hwezvinhu vanoenda kurebvu kupatsanura zvinhu zvavari kudzidza kubva kunharaunda yakatenderedza, kazhinji nekudzikisa tembiricha mukuyedza kwavo kusvika padanho rakazara zero.

Asi humbowo huri kuwedzera kubva pasirese yezvimiti physiology kuti mamwe maitiro ehupenyu anovimba nehupamhi hwepamusoro anoitika patembiricha yakajairika, zvichimutsa mukana wekuti nyika isingafungidzike isinganzwisisike yeanogadzira michina inogona kupindira mukushanda kwezuva nezuva kweimwe masystem ehupenyu, senge edu huta masisitimu.

Semuenzaniso, muna Chivabvu 2018 timu yekutsvagisa paGroningen University iyo yaisanganisira nyanzvi yefizikisi Thomas la Cour Jansen vakawana humbowo hwekuti zvirimwa uye mamwe mabhakitiriya e photosynthetic anowana chinosvika 100% kunyatso shandura mwenje wezuva kuva simba rinoshandiswa nekushandisa chokwadi chekuti kunwa kwesimba rezuva kunokonzera mamwe maerekitironi mamorekuru anotora mwenje kuti avepo panguva imwe chete mune zvese zvinofadza uye zvisina kunakidza zviyero zvakapararira munzvimbo dzakareba mukati mechirimwa, zvichibvumira maerekitironi anofefetera mwenje kuti awane nzira inoshanda kwazvo kubva kumamorekuru uko mwenje unotorwa kune mamorekuru akasiyana uko simba rinoshandiswa nekuti chirimwa chakasikwa.

Dzidziso yekushanduka-shanduka, mukutsvaga kwayo kusingagumi kwehupenyu hwesimba-hunogonesa hupenyu, zvinoita sekunge haina hanya nekutenda kwevefizikiki kuti zvinobatsira huwandu hwehuwandu haugone kuitika munzvimbo dzinodziya, dzakanyorova dzebiology.

Kuwanikwa kwehuwandu hwemhedzisiro mune biology yezvirimwa kwakapa kumunda mutsva webasa resainzi unonzi quantum biology. Mumakore mashoma apfuura, quantum biologists vakafukunura humbowo hwehuwandu hweanogadzira michina mune yemagineti kuona mumaziso eimwe shiri (zvichigonesa shiri kufamba panguva yekufamba), uye mukumisikidza kwekunhuwidza zvinogamuchirwa muvanhu. Vision vatsvagiri vaona zvakare kuti mafotoreoretori mune rezita revanhu anokwanisa kugadzira zviratidzo zvemagetsi kubva pakubatwa kwequanta imwechete yesimba rechiedza.

Dzidziso yekushanduka-shanduka yakaitawo kuti huropi hwedu hushande nesimba pakuburitsa simba rinoshandiswa kana kuendesa nekuchengetedza ruzivo pakati peeuron vachishandisa mhedzisiro senge kusimudzira nekutetepa?

MaNeuroscientists ari pakutanga kwekuferefeta mukana uyu, asi ini kune mumwe ndiri kufara nezve iyo nascent munda wequantum neuroscience nekuti inogona kutungamira mukukanda rushaya mukunzwisisa kwedu kwehuropi.

Ini ndinotaura izvi nekuti nhoroondo yesainzi inotidzidzisa kuti mabudiro makuru anenge achiuya nguva dzose kubva pamifungo yekuti, pamberi peimwe budiriro isati yaitika, inonzwika kusanzwisisika kusanzwisisika. Kuwanikwa kwaEinstein kuti nzvimbo uye nguva ndizvo chaizvo zvakafanana chinhu (hukama hwakawanda) mumwe muenzaniso, kuwanikwa kwaDarwin kwekuti vanhu vakashanduka kubva kumafomu ehupenyu hwepakutanga, ndeimwe. Uye zvechokwadi, kuwanikwa kwaPlanck, Einstein naBohr kwema quantum mechanics pakutanga, ndeimwezve.

Zvese izvo zvine mutsindo zvinoratidza kuti mazano kumashure kwemutambo wemangwana achichinja kufambira mberi mueuroscience, nhasi ichaita senge kune vanhu vazhinji seisina tsika uye isingafungidzike.

Ikozvino, nekuda kwekuti huwandu hwebiology muuropi hunonzwika kushamisa uye kusingafungidzike hazviite kuti ikwanise kuve sosi yeinotevera hofori yekusvetuka kumberi mueuroscience. Asi ini ndine hunch kuti kunzwisiswa kwakadzama kwehuwandu hwemhedzisiro muhupenyu masystem kuchapa kukosha kwakakosha kujeka nezve hwedu uropi uye hunyanzvi masisitimu, kana pasina chimwe chikonzero, kuti kutora huwandu hwemaonero kunokonzeresa neuroscientists kutsvaga mhinduro mune zvisinganzwisisike uye nzvimbo dzakanaka dzavasina kumbofunga nezvekuferefeta kare.

Uye kana vaongorori vakatarisa mune izvo zvisinganzwisisike uye zvinoshamisa zviitiko, izvo zviitiko, zvingangoita, sevatezvara vavo vanonamira mu particle fizikiki, vatarise kumashure kwavari!