Chii chinonzi self-stigma uye nei zvichirwadza?

Ramya Ramadurai, Ph.D. akapedza kudzidza kiriniki psychology kuAmerican University, akapa kune ino posvo.

Kusarura kunotsanangurwa semucherechedzo wekunyadziswa kana kushorwa. Kuburikidza nemagariro ekunyora magariro, tinokwanisa kufunga nezvechirevo chehutano hwepfungwa sechiratidzo chekunyadziswa kana kushorwa kunoshandiswa kune avo vane dambudziko rekushushikana mupfungwa, avo vanozonyorwa kuti, vanofungidzirwa, uye vanosarurwa.

Izvo zvinonyatso kuzivikanwa kuti hutano hwepfungwa kunyadzisa inyaya yeruzhinji. Maitiro akasarudzika uye rusaruro rwakachengetwa neveruzhinji (Rüsch, Angermeyer, & Corrigan, 2005) inonzi runyararo uye inogona kutungamira mukurasikirwa nehupfumi kana mikana yemabasa, hupenyu hwega uye kusagadzikana pakudzidza, kushomeka kwedzimba kana hutano hwakakodzera hutano hwemuviri. mamiriro, uye rusarura zvakanyanya, kune avo vane matambudziko ehutano hwepfungwa.

Zvichida zvisinganyatso kuzivikanwa ndizvo zvinoitika kana aya kufungira zvisizvo nemifungo yakagomerwa munzira iyo munhu anozviona nayo?

Kugamuchirwa kwega uye kubvumirana nemafungiro asina kunaka uye zvitendero zvisina tsarukano zvaunozvitorera, zvinonzi kuzvisvibisa (Corrigan, Watson, & Barr, 2006) kana kushorwa (Watson et al., 2007). Mune anoshandiswa zvakanyanya mashoma emhando yekushushikana (Meyer, 2003), kuzvidzora kana kunyadziswa zvemukati mhedzisiro yekumanikidzwa kunokonzerwa neruzivo rwekushoreka. Sangano rekupokana kwepfungwa (Hatzenbuehler, 2009) inobvuma kuti mhedzisiro inowoneka senge kuzvidzora kunogona kutsanangura kusangana pakati pemhedzisiro yekusagadzikana kwevanhu uye psychopathology.

Kuzvidzwa kwemukati kunoenderana nekushungurudzika kwepamoyo, kurasikirwa kwekuzviremekedza, manzwiro ekuzvitarisira pasi, kurasikirwa kwekuzvibata, uye pakupedzisira nyaya dzehutano hwepfungwa. Kuzvidzora kunouyawo pamutengo unoshanda. Semuenzaniso, kushomeka kwemukati kunogona kutungamira mumwe munhu kuti asatombonyorera basa nekuti vanotenda kuti havagone.

Varwere veMcLean Hospital's Behaeveal Health Partial Hospital chirongwa vanowanzo taura nezve hutano hwepfungwa. Takaita ongororo makore mashoma apfuura kuti tinzwisise kuti kushomeka kwemukati kunogona kukanganisa sei kurapwa. Izvi ndizvo zvatakawana:

• Vanhu vane mazinga epamusoro ekunyadziswa mukati mekubvumirwa vaive nechiratidzo chakasimba uye kudzikisira kwehukama hupenyu, kushanda, uye hutano hwepanyama pakuburitswa (Pearl et al., 2016).
• Munguva yekurapwa, vatori vechikamu vakaona kudzikisira kwese mukushorwa kwemukati.
• Vaya vakasangana nematanho ekushandurwa kwechokwadi mukushomeka kwemukati vakawanawo kuvandudzwa kukuru muzviratidzo zvizhinji.
• Mhedzisiro yaienderana pamhando dzevatori vechikamu senge rudzi, bonde, zera, kuongororwa, uye nhoroondo yekuzviuraya.

Hatina chokwadi chaizvo kuti ndezvipi zvikamu zvekurapwa kwedu zvakabatsira kudzikisira zvimiro zvevarwere zvemukati. Zvinogona kuve zvinhu zvakawanda, uye zvinosiyana kubva pamunhu kumunhu. Ini ndaigona kufanotaura kuti kutsigira nekusimbisa kudyidzana nevamwe varwere nevashandi kwakabatsira. Zvichida psychoeducation inogamuchirwa mumapoka edu akasiyana-siyana ekurapa zveboka zvakabatsirawo kubvisa zvinofungwa nevamwe nezvezviratidzo zvehutano hwepfungwa.

Chinhu chimwe ndechechokwadi - sekureba sekuti hutano hwepfungwa hunoramba huri nyaya yemagariro, pane kudikanwa kwekupindira kunobatsira vanhu padanho remunhu neruzivo rwavo rwekushoreka mukati. Nyanzvi dzezvepfungwa dzakatanga kugadzira uye kuyedza mapindiro akaitirwa kubatsira vanhu zvirinani kubata uye kunzwisisa yakasarudzika stigma-inosangana nekushushikana kwavanogona kusangana nako. Mazhinji eaya mapindiro ave aine anovimbisa ekutanga mhedzisiro, zvese mukuderedza mukati mepfungwa hutano hutano, pamwe nekusimbisa nzira dzakabatana senge kuzviremekedza uye tariro.

Ongororo ichangoburwa yakarongeka yakawana kuti mazhinji maitiro ekuzvinyima ari-akavakirwa muboka, anonyatso kudzikisira mukati kusarura, uye anosanganisira psychoeducation, yekuziva maitiro dzidziso, kuburitsa-kwakanangwa kupindira, kana kumwe kusanganisa kwevatatu (Alonso et al., 2019).

Semuenzaniso, Kuuya Kunze Kudada (Corrigan et al., 2013) ndeye 3-chikamu cheboka-rakavakirwa manyorerwo protocol anotungamirwa nevezera (vanhu vane hupenyu hwakagara nehurwere hwepfungwa). Kukoshesa kwaro kuri mukutsvaga nekukurudzira kwemaonero anoenderana nekuburitswa kwehurwere hwepfungwa, senzira yekurwisa kuzvisemesa. Ivo vanoratidza kuti kune nguva nenzvimbo yekuvanzika uye nguva nenzvimbo yekuzivisa, uye kosi yacho yakagadzirirwa kupa simba kuvanhu kuti vaite sarudzo vaine izvozvo mupfungwa. Iyi protocol inogona kuve yakasimba zvakanyanya kurwisa kusarura nekuti inotungamirwa nevezera rako.

Mumwe muenzaniso ndeye Rondedzero Enhancement uye Cognitive Therapy (NECT; Yanos et al., 2011), makumi maviri-musangano weboka-yakavakirwa manyorerwo protocol anotungamirwa nachiremba. Iyo yakavakirwa pane iyo pfungwa yekuti vanhu vazhinji vane chirwere chepfungwa vanonzwa kudiwa kwekudzoreredza uye kuwana zvekare kwavo hunhu uye hunhu, izvo zvingangodaro zvakashatiswa nemaonero enharaunda ekuziva kwavo. Kurapwa uku kunosanganisira kugovana zviitiko zvine chekuita nehurwere hwepfungwa, mhinduro kubva kunhengo dzeboka, psychoeducation yakatenderedza kuzvidzora, kugadzirisa kugadzirisa, uye pakupedzisira "kusimudzira kurondedzera" uko vanhu vanokurudzirwa kuvaka, kugovana, uye kuona nhoroondo yavo kuburikidza nelenzi nyowani.

Simba reboka-rakazvimiririra rekuzvinyima rakajeka- ivo vanofambisa kusangana kwevezera uye kuvhura hurukuro dzeboka dzinogona kusunungura uye kudzora dzakagovaniswa zvisirizvo zvakasarudzika. Nekudaro, sekutya kuverengerwa, uye kudzikiswa kwechimiro kwakajekeswa sezvipingamupinyi pakutsvaga kurapwa kwehutano hwepfungwa, iyi fomati inogona zvakare kuratidza kunetsa pakuwanikwa kwekupindira.Kuunzwa kwekuzvidzora kuburikidza nemamwe masvikiro, senge mafoni, zvinogona kubatsira kusvika kuvanhu vanonzwa kusada kutsvaga masevhisi kana vanogara munzvimbo dzisina mapoka. Kunyangwe iri nzira yekuendesa, zviri pachena kuti kuumba nharaunda yakasimba nevanhu vanogovana hupenyu hwakaitika nechirwere chepfungwa, kunogona kupora.

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