Maguta eUS: Anotadza uye Anoyera

Chandinoda pamusoro pemaguta ndechekuti zvese ihukuru hwamambo, runako uye kushata. - Joseph Brodsky

Chinyorwa cheInternet chazvino naJordan Rane (2012) chakabata ziso rangu nekuti chakanangana nekufarira kwangu kusiana kwepfungwa mumaguta eUnited States (US). Pfungwa yechinyorwa ichi yaive yekuti maguta anosiyana maererano nekutadza kwawo uye kuti zvaikwanisa kuziva akanyanya kutadza paari. Musoro wenyaya wakaratidza kuti aya maguta anogona kunge ari nzvimbo dzakanaka dzekushanyira kana iwe uchida kunzwa zvakanaka nezve ako akashata maitiro. Iyo nyaya yaive rurimi-mumatama, asi inomutsa dzimwe nyaya dzakakosha.

Pane tsika refu yekutora hupenyu hwemumaguta sehuipi. William Morris, ane makore 19 ^th -mutsoropodzi wemuzana ramakore, akanyora nezve "gehena yeLondon neManchester" uye "nzvimbo dzakashata dzakatenderedza" (Ash, Jasny, Roberts, Stone, & Sugden, 2008, peji 739). Aya mafungire achiri kutonga kuti mangani masayendisiti emagariro anotarisa maguta. Hupenyu hwemumaguta hunowanzo kuratidzwa chete maererano nezvakaipa: kuwanda, mhosva, hurombo, kufungira zvisizvo, kusvibisa, uye kuzviparadzanisa nevamwe.

Nekudaro, wadii kuisa maguta epamazuva ano eUS maererano nekutadza kwavo, uye wadii kushandisa anonyatsozivikanwa Zvivi Zvinomwe Zvinouraya sehwaro hwechikamu ichi chakasiyana-siyana?

Sekutsvagurudza nezvepfungwa, chandakanyanya kufarira pachinyorwa chaRane ndechekuti akagadzira iyo isingabvumirwe nekongiri nekutsanangura chaiko zviratidzo zvezvivi zvinomwe, ndokuzoshandisa dhata kubva kunzvimbo dzakasiyana kuti aone yakanakisa (yakaipa?) Mienzaniso yeimwe neimwe. Tinogona kukakavadzana neakanangana nezviratidzo zvaakasarudza (dudziro dzekushanda, sezvazvaive) pamwe nedhata rake, asi izvo zvaakaita zvakatevera chimiro cheyakanaka yekutsvagisa tsika, zvisinei nekuti chinangwa chake ndechei. Kuverenga chinyorwa chake kwakaisa kunyemwerera kumeso kwangu, izvo zvisiri chaizvo chinhu chakaomarara sekuongorora kwevamwe, asi zvakandikwanira.

Heano maZivi Anomwe Anouraya, maRane akaayera sei mumaguta eU.S., uye neguta rakakwira kwazvo kune rimwe nerimwe.

1. Makaro yakaratidzirwa muhuwandu hwemaresitorendi muguta, huwandu hwenzvimbo dzekutsanya dzekudya, uye mwero wekufutisa. Chicago yakabuda pamusoro, iine huwandu hwe4000, 3500, uye 25.2%, zvichiteerana. Inonakidza. Uye, nenzira, iwe uri kuzopedzisa iyo odzo yefries?

2. Usimbe yakayerwa neyakaderera maekisesaizi mazinga, maawa etambo tambo yakatarisa, mitambo yemavhidhiyo yakatengwa, uye mwero wekufa kubva pakadzika-vein thrombosis (yakabatana nekugara zvakanyanya). Iwo maviri akakurumbira maguta eUS zvishoma nezvishoma aive Lexington, Kentucky, uye Indianapolis.

3. Makaro yakawanikwa nekuverenga kuti yakawanda sei mari yemuguta yakatorwa pakubhejera. Sekutaura kwakaita Rane, makaro echinyakare anoratidzwa ne "mbeveve ... kurota kwekufuma pamusoro pezvinhu zvese zviri nani nekutonga panguva yevhiki rimwe chete, rekufara." Guta rine makaro here? Las Vegas, hongu, kunyangwe isu tichifanirwa kukodzera zita iri nekuziva kuti vashanyi veSin City uye kwete vagari vayo vechigarire vanosiya kumashure vangasvika madhora gumi emadhora pagore. Sekutaura kunoita, zvinoitika muLas Vegas zvinogara muLas Vegas ... kunyanya mari yaunorasikirwa nayo.

4. Ruchiva yakaratidzirwa mukusarudzika nevagari veguta kwehukama hwepabonde husina kujairika. Portland, Oregon, sezviri pachena mutungamiriri wenyika mune izvi, pamwe nemutungamiri wenyika mumakirabhu akapfekenura pamunhu.

5. Shanje yakaverengerwa naRane kwete nenhamba yedata asi asi iine nhoroondo yezvakaitika. Saka, pano isu tine hunhu hwekutsvagisa. Mukupa Philadelphia seguta rinegodo kwazvo muUS, akataura kuti rakadonha kubva kare kuva "anonyanya kutanga vanaFaceing kune mumwe mwana weI-95" akatarisisa kuNew York (uko kwakapfuma), Boston (iyo yakangwara ), uye Washington, DC (iyo ine simba rakanyanya). Zvichida Philadelphia yakatipa Rocky, chibhakera-chakadhakwa kunyange angave anga ari.

6. Hasha (hasha muChirungu chisina kujeka) inozviratidza mukukuvadzwa kwakanyanya, kuwedzera kweBP, uye huwandu hwevane hasha-manejimendi nyanzvi pamunhu. Nezviyero izvi, Detroit akatsamwa. Kutsamwa chaiko. Zvichida ndosaka ndashanyira Detroit chete kashanu chete mumakore makumi maviri nemashanu + andakagara muAnn Arbor iri pedyo. Zvichida ndosaka Detroit yaive nekupisa uye kuparadza kweDhiyabhorosi Husiku wega Gumiguru 30 kubva kuma1970 kusvika kuma1990. Uye pamwe ndosaka D etroit Shumba Ndamukong Suh achidiwa nhasi muDetroit. Sekureva kwaRane, hasha dzeDetroit dzinogona kutsanangurwa neazvino CDC data chinzvimbo cheDetroit seguta rakanyanya kurara muUS. Kurara kwehusiku husina kunaka kunoita kuti chero munhu anyure; saka, chimbofungidzira guta rese risingarere (uye ini handisi kureva Seattle).

7. Kuzvikudza yakaongororwa kubva pamhedzisiro yekubvunza vagari vemumaguta akasiyana kuti vayere kukwezva kwavo pamwe nevevamwe vari mutaundi mavo. Kunyanya kupfuura vanhu kumwe kunhu, vagari vemuMiami vakazviona sevanonyanya kukoshesa kupfuura vavakidzani vavo, chiratidzo chakanakisa chekushaya maturo. Kutsigira huchokwadi hweiyi ongororo ndeyekuti vagari vemuMiami vainyanya kuziva "mumwe munhu" uyo akasarudza kuvhiya kwekuzora. Miami, hauna maturo, pamwe unofunga kuti ongororo iyi iri pamusoro pako.

Iyi blog inofanirwa kunge iri yehupenyu hwakanaka, kwete hwakaipa hupenyu, saka ini handisati ndaitwa nekupinda uku. Ini ndinoitika kuti ndinotenda kuti maguta, sevanhu vamwe nevamwe, anogona kunge akanaka sekuipa kwawo. Chokwadi, maguta anopa zvakanangana uye zvisina kunangana mabhenefiti kune hupenyu hwevagari. Munyika ine hupfumi, vanhu vanogara mumadhorobha vari kuramba vachiwedzera hutano uye vachibudirira pane vamwe vavo vekumaruwa. Iko kuunganidzwa kwevanhu vakadzidza kwazvo uye vane hunyanzvi mukati meguta kunotendera kufukidzwa kwemazano matsva uye kugadzirwa kwetekinoroji nyowani.

Makumi emakore apfuura, mumiriri wemumadhorobha Jane Jacobs (1961) akataura kuti maguta inzvimbo dzekuvandudza, kushivirira, kusiyanisa, ruzivo, uye kushamisika-zvinhu zvese zvakanaka. Ini ndinobvuma, uye saka saka ndakafunga zvishoma nezve izvo zvakanaka analogue yeRane's masosi angaratidzika senge.

Ndakatanga neVanomwe Vedenga Hunhu, dzidziso yeKaturike flip yeZvinomwe Zvakaipa Zvivi. Izvi zvinogona kuitwa kongiri here? dhata inokodzera inogona kuwanikwa padanho reguta kune izvi zvitsvene zviratidzo; uye guta repamusoro reUS rinogona kutsanangurwa mune imwe neimwe nyaya? Hongu, hongu, uye hongu. Izvi zvinoenda:

1. Kupesana kwakanaka nemakaro ndiko kuzvidzora, uye chiratidzo chimwe chingaratidzika kunge chakaonda vanhu veguta. Pano maguta muColorado, seDenver, anoenda zvakanyanya mushe.

2. Hwakanaka hunopesana nehusimbe ndihwo indasitiri, vanhu vanoshanda zvakaoma sei. Ini handizive zvakawanda nezveJackson *, Mississippi, asi ndakadzidza kuti guta rino rinotungamira nyika mumaawa ekuwedzera maawa akatemerwa nevashandi vayo.

3. Makaro anogadziriswa ne rudo, nemaguta epamusoro eUS anogona kuzivikanwa maererano nehuwandu hwekupa rubatsiro nevagari vawo. Hazvishamisi, zvichipiwa huwandu hwakawanda hwevagari vevaMormon uye tsika yavo yekupa chegumi, Guta reSalt Lake rinosimudzira nyika mumipiro yezvinamato. Uye San Francisco inosimudza nyika muzvipo kune hunyanzvi. Musoro weimwe blog yekupinda unenge uri zvimwewo zvakafanana Salt Lake City neSan Francisco zvakafanana, asi ndiri kudhirowa isina chinhu parizvino. Handei mberi.

4. Kugadzirisa ruchiva ndiko utsanana. Hunhu hwakachena hunogona kuyerwa, pamwe, nemitengo yakaderera yekutengesa kondomu, huwandu hwakaderera hwekuzvarwa, uye nemitengo yakaderera yezvirwere zvepabonde. Nezviyero izvi, Portland, Maine, yakachena. Ndokumbirawo usakanganise Portland, Maine, nePortland, Oregon (ona pamusoro). Zvingave zvinonyadzisa kuita kudaro. Kana iwe ukasangana nemumwe munhu anoti anobva kuPortland, pfuurira mberi kuti uwane rumwe ruzivo usati waita fungidziro uye woita benzi rako pachako.

5. Hunhu hwekudenga hunopesana negodo ndihwo mutsa ( zvevanhu muchiLatin). Pano isu tine "chaiyo" data inotakura kuda kwevagari veguta kubatsira vasingazivikanwe vanoda madhairekisheni kana shanduko kana zvimwe zvakadaro. Levine (2003) akaitisa kuyedza kwemuminda mumaguta mazhinji eUS (uye mumaguta kutenderera pasirese). MuUS, rubatsiro rwainyanya kupihwa kune vausingazive muKansas City.

6. Maererano nedzidziso yeKaturike, simba rekudenga rakabatanidzwa nechivi chehasha kutsungirira, uye chiratidzo chekutanga chandaifunga (mushure mekutyaira kumba manheru ano ndichibva kubasa) yaive nguva yepakati yekuenda mumaguta akasiyana. Pamwe kufamba kwenguva refu kunoratidza kushivirira (pamwe nekuremerwa kwemotokari uye kushomeka kweruzhinji rwekufambisa). Kunyanya yakareba nguva dzekufamba dzinowanikwa muAtlanta, Detroit, uye Miami. Isu tatoziva kuti Detroit inzvimbo imwe yakatsamwa, saka izvi zvinogona kunge zvisiri zvakanakisa zviyero. Ah zvakanaka. Ndishivirire.

Pfungwa yangu inotevera yaive yekuti chiratidzo chiri nani chekushivirira chingave chiyero chekurambana kweguta. Kuroora kwakaoma, saka ndinoudzwa, uye havazi vese vari kuda kusangana nekuipisisa netariro yekuti zvirinani zvichaitika. Ikoko kunoda shiviriro. Nderipi guta reUS rine mwero wekurambana wakaderera? Mhinduro yacho yakandishamisa: New York * *. Vanhu veNew York vanoroorawo gare gare kupfuura vanhu kumwe kunhu, chimwe chinoratidza chiratidzo chekutsungirira. Kana vanhu veNew York vakati "Ndoita," ivo zvinoita sekudaro.

7. Hunhu hwetsika hunodadisa kuzvininipisa. Pano ini ndinoshandisa masimba angu uye ndinosarudza ranguwo guta rekumusha kweChicago senzvimbo yakaderera. Sei nzvimbo ine zita remadunhurirwa Guta reChipiri risingazvininipise? Guta riri murudo neChicago Cubs risingagone sei kuzvininipisa?

Chicago yakave nenguva yayo yemitambo, kuve nechokwadi, asi izvi hazvina kumboenda kumisoro yedu. Kunyangwe Michael Jordan paaitungamira maBulls kumakwikwi mazhinji, veChicago havana kumbozvitora sezvisina basa. Isu takangotenda. Enzanisa maitiro aya neavo veNew Yorkers, vanotarisira makwikwi nezvikwata zvavo zvemitambo uye vanogumburwa kana izvi zvikasaitika.

Pakasvika 1985 Chicago Bears kuhwina Superbowl XX, ndakafara. Ndakataura nababa vangu, ipapo makore makumi manomwe ekuberekwa, mushure memutambo, uye vakati, "Fara, asi usatarisira kuti izvi zvichaitika zvakare muhupenyu hwako." Ndakapindura zvinyoro nyoro, "Munoreva munguva yeupenyu hwenyu, Baba." "Kwete Chris," akadaro, "ndinoreva munguva yako yehupenyu." Baba vanoziva zvakanyanya, uye Baba mune ino kesi muChicago.

* Ndanga ndagara ndichifunga kuti rwiyo runoshamisa rwaJohnny Cash naJune Carter "Jackson" rwaive pamusoro paJackson, Mississippi, asi nekutarisa kwangu kwazvino Wikipedia, sezviri pachena kwete. Hapana kunyanya Jackson aive mupfungwa nevanyori venziyo.

* * Nenzira, kutendeseka kunondimanikidza kuti ndione kuti zvakaoma kwazvo muNew York kuwana kurambana, izvo pasina mubvunzo zvinopa mukana wakaderera wekurambana. Ini ndinogona kupokana kuti kuomarara kwepamutemo kunomiririra kushevedzera kwekushivirira, asi izvo zvinogona kunge zviri kutambanudza iyo poindi yandiri kuyedza kuita. Zvekare, iva nemoyo murefu neni.

Zvinyorwa

Ash, C., Jasny, B. R., Roberts, L., Stone, R., & Sugden, A. M. (2008, Kukadzi 8). Kufungidzira maguta. Sainzi, 319, 739.

Jacobs, J. (1961). Kufa uye hupenyu hwemaguta makuru eAmerica. New York, NY: Random Imba.

Levine, R. V. (2003). Mutsa wevatorwa. American Scientist, 91, 226-233.

Rane, J. (2012, F Kukadzi 15). Maguta eAmerica anotadza zvikuru: Nzvimbo dzekushanyira kuti unzwe zvakanaka, usina mhosva, nezve maitiro ako egehena. CNNGo. Gwaro rinowanikwa paWebhu Yepasi Pose pa http://www.cnngo.com/explorations/life/americas-most-sinful-cities-021551?page=0,0&hpt=hp_bn7.