Kudzokorora Maitiro: Kudzoreredza kana Kusatungamidza?

Zvido zvinorambidzwa uye kudzokorora maitiro hunhu hwe autism. Stereotypic maitiro, senge kurova ruoko, kuzungunusa muviri, kudzokorora kudzokorora zvinhu, uye kusashanda kwemazwi (semuenzaniso, kudzokorora kugunun'una, kuseka, echolalic vocalizations), ndiyo nzira yakajairika yekudzokorora maitiro. Vanhu vazhinji vakaona kuti hunhu hwakadai hunoshoresa munharaunda uye hunogona kukanganisa kudzidza. Rega nditange nekutaura kuti hunhu hunosanganisirwa munharaunda mukusafunga hunogona kuenda nekudzidzisa veruzhinji nezve autism. Kugamuchirwa kwevanhu vane maASD munzanga kwakakosha asi panongoitika maitiro evamwe kana maitiro akadaro achiitika. Zvekare, ndinobvuma kuti kugamuchirwa kuburikidza nekudzidzisa veruzhinji nezveASD chinhu chakakodzera kutsvaga asi hazvigadzirise nyaya iyi.

Vese vana vadiki (uye pamwe vazhinji vakuru, zvirinani kuti pane zvimwe zvidzidzo zvinoratidza kuti zvinoitika mune hunhu repertoire yevadzidzi vekoreji) inoratidza imwe nzira yekufungidzira asi inoitika zvisingaite kazhinji uye inoita senge ine hushamwari mhinduro munharaunda mukukudziridza vana. Mune yapfuura posvo (http://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/radical-behaviorist/201002/did-thomas-jefferson-flapping-his-hands), ndakakurukura chidzidzo nemumwe wandaishanda naye (MacDonald et al. , 2007). Akapa vana vadiki mukana wekutamba uye nhanho yekufungidzira yakanyorwa. Vana vane ASD vakatora chikamu vaingopinda mukutanga kwakasimba maitiro ekupindira. Chimwe chezviitiko zvinonakidza ndezvekuti vane makore maviri ekuberekwa vane ASD vakaita zvekufungidzira zvakanyanya sevezera ravo rinenge richikura. Nekudaro, vane makore matatu neane vane ASD vaive nematanho akakwirira zvakanyanya ekufungidzira. Izvi zvinoreva kuti misiyano muhunhu hwakawanda hwe stereotypic hunoitika inogona kunge iri basa rezera. Zvinogona zvakare kuve nyaya yekuti semwana ane autism mazera, vanodzidza kuita mamwe mafomu ekufungidzira uye, pamwe, kurudziro yekuita yekufungidzira inowedzera.

Ini ndaida kusvetuka kubva pano kuti nditaure nezve zvekuita nezve stereotypy uye kudzokorora maitiro. Zvisinei, ndinoda kutanga ndagunzva pane zvido zvinorambidzwa. Zvimwe zvinorambidzwa zvido zvinogona kunge zvichikanganisa asi mune mamwe mamiriro zvinogona kuve zvinobudirira. Vanhu vazhinji vane maASD (uye nzanga huru) vabatsirwa zvikuru nezvakarambidzwa mukuti izvi zvinotyaira maitiro uye zvinogadzira hunyanzvi nenzira ingangowanikwa nekutarisisa. Panogona kunge paine manyuko mazhinji ekusimbisa kuseri kwezvaunofarira. Kunze kwekuzvisimbisa kunouya kubva mukuita chiitiko chakasarudzika, kune akawanda mabhenefiti anooneka anogona zvakare kutevera. Zvakadai sebasa rinobhadhara zvakanyanya uye kuzivikanwa kwehunyanzvi zvinotungamira mukuwana mamwe maturusi ekuenderera mberi uchiteedzera izvo zvido. Kana kufarira kwakatemerwa kusingakuvadze, panofanirwa kuve nerutsigiro rwunopihwa kuteedzera izvo zvido.

Ko zvakadii nezve stereotypy uye kudzokorora maitiro? Tinofanira kukurudzira hunhu ihwohwo here? Izvo zvinoenderana. Paive nebepa rakanyorwa nemuongorori wehunhu makore mazhinji apfuura achikurudzira kuti vanhu vane hurema hwebudiriro vanofanira kubvumidzwa kudya madonati uye kumborara. Ini handina kukwanisa kubvuma zvimwe (kunyangwe ini ndisinganyatsoda madhiri). Wese munhu anofanirwa kubvumidzwa kudya madhayeti uye kutora mapeche asi kwete kunze kwechimwe chinhu chose. Nekuti, kana zvese zvaunoita kudya madhoneti uye kutora mapfupi iwe ungangove usingave uine hupfumi hwehupenyu sezvaungaita dai paine zvimwe zviitiko muhupenyu hwako. Inogona kunge iri pfupi ipfupi pane zvaingaite futi. Saka, kana uchifunga zvekuita nezve stereotypy pane akati wandei akakosha akasiyana. Imwe ndeyekuti, zvinoitika kangani? Imwe ndeyekuti, inopindira zvakadii nekuitika / kukura kwehunhu hwakakodzera?

Tora semuenzaniso mwana mudiki uyo anodzokorodza pombi anovharira pamwe uye anoburitsa kukwiridzira kwakakwirira panguva dzavangave vachitamba nevamwe vana. Kana mwana uyu asingazombopindirana nevezera ravo saka danho rekusimudzira hunhu hwenzvimbo hunogona kunge hwakakosha. Kune zvakawanda zvidzidzo zvinokurukura zvinobudirira nzira dzekupindira. Imwe ongororo yakaratidza kuti kungopa kukurudzira nekurumbidza kuvana vane maASDs kwakawedzera kutangiswa kwenzvimbo dzevana (Odom & Strain, 1986). Huwandu hwekudyidzana hwaive hwakakura apo vezera vaiwanzo kusimukira vakakurudzirwa kutamba nevana vane maASD. Zvakare, chokwadi chekuti kungo kurudzira kuti mwana atambe nevamwe uye kurumbidza hunhu hwacho hwakonzera kuvandudzwa kwehunhu hwemagariro kunozivikanwa.

Maitiro akadaro haabatsiri kune wese munhu. Mamwe mapindiro anoratidza kuti modhi yevhidhiyo, kutamba chikamu, mirairo yakanyorwa (muchimiro che "kutamba chikamu"), uye zvakanyanya kusimbisa maitiro ekutamba panguva yekutamba kunogona kugadzirisa hunhu hwemagariro. Asi mazano aya haashande nguva dzose. Kana vasinga tungamise hunhu kubva ku stereotypy kuenda kune akakodzera maitiro anogona kuve neakakosha maitiro. Imwe ongororo yandakambotaura mundima yapfuura yakabatana neiri pamusoro inoratidza kuti kukanganisa nekudzora maitiro e stereotypic kunogona kuita nekukurumidza kunogadzira yakadzika masosi stereotypy nekungokumbira mwana kuti aite chimwe chinhu chavanotoita, sekupindura mibvunzo yemagariro (semuenzaniso, " unonzi ani? "" unogara kupi? "" Zita remunin'ina wako ndiani? "). Nekudaro, zvinotonyanya kukosha, iyi nzira yekuita inogona kuburitsa shanduko yakakura mumaitiro akakodzera.

MuAhearn et al. (2007), vatatu vevana vedu vana vakaratidza kutaudzana kwakakodzera kana isu tikakanganisa mazwi e stereotypic nekuvabvunza mibvunzo yemagariro. Isu takashandisa nzira dzakafanana nevamwe vana vazhinji uye kusimudzira hunhu hwakakodzera hunogona kukurudzirwa uye kushanda senheyo yakakosha yehunyanzvi hwekuvaka inodikanwa kwazvo. Imwe vhidhiyo iyo ini yandinowanzo kuratidza kana ndichiita mashopu ekushanda nevana vane ASD inoratidza izvo zvakaitika patakatungamidza kumisikidzwa kwemwana zvinhu zvezvinhu. Asati arapwa, aisawanzoenda kumudzidzisi wake kana kuita mutambo wekudyidzana. Nekudaro, patakatungamidza stereotypy yake, akatanga kutarisa kumudzidzisi wake. Akaita mhinduro nyowani dzakasiyana nematoyi aakakwanisa kuwana, uye munguva pfupi, akaunza matoyi kumudzidzisi wake, akagara pamakumbo ake, uye akatamba naye. Dzimwe nguva zviri nani kukanganisa hunhu hunodiwa kuti umise humwe hunyanzvi hwakakosha. Izvo zvakati, zvichipiwa kuti stereotypy kazhinji haina kukuvadza, panofanira kuve nenguva nenzvimbo yayo nekuti munhu wese anofanirwa kudya donuts uye kumborara.