Kurwira Kwechitendero NeveMweya Panguva Yematambudziko

Marian Fontana airarama hupenyu hwakanaka. Aive akaroora achifara nemurume wake, Dave, kwemakore gumi nemanomwe, waaive nemwanakomana mudiki naye. Marian aigara achi "taura naMwari," sekutaura kwake. Sechikamu chakajairika chehupenyu hwake hwezuva nezuva, aigona kutenda Mwari nezvose zvainge zvichifamba zvakanaka uye kukumbira Mwari kuti aropafadze vamwe vanoshaya.

Ipapo kwakauya Gunyana 11, 2001.

Marian paakaona iyo World Trade Center ichipunzika paterevhizheni, akaziva kuti hupenyu hwake hwave kupunzika futi. Dave aive wekudzimisa moto kuNew York uyo akasheedzwa kunzvimbo yacho. Mushure mekuona kufa kwake, mhinduro yake yekutanga yaive yekudzungaira mukereke yega yega munharaunda mavo kunamata nekunamata nekunamatira hupenyu hwaDave. Asi, uyu munamato waifanira kuenda usina kupindurwa.

Mushure memwedzi yakati wandei yekusuwa kwakazara, Marian akatanga kuona runako zvakare. Zvisinei, hupenyu hwake hwepamweya hwakanga hwasiyana. Sezvo iye akagovana mugwaro rePBS, "Kutenda uye Kukahadzika paGround Zero:"

"Handina kutenda kuti Mwari uyu wandakataura naye nenzira yangu kwemakore makumi matatu nemashanu anogona ... kushandura murume ane rudo uyu kuita mabhonzo. Uye ndinofungidzira kuti ndipo pandakanzwa kuti kutenda kwangu kwainge kusisina simba ... hurukuro dzangu naMwari dzandaimbove nadzo, handisisina ... Zvino handichakwanisa kuzviunza kuti nditaure naye ... nekuti Ndinonzwa ndasiyiwa ... ”

Makore gare gare, Marian ave kuita zvirinani. Akanyora memoir nezve chiitiko chake ("Chirikadzi Kufamba"), uye anoti haana kutsamwa. Asi, sekutaura kwaakaita nhaurirano yepamoyo yakarongwa nePBS makore gumi mushure mekufa kwaDave, "[Ini] handisati ndataurirana naMwari sezvandaimboita kare."

Chiitiko chehupenyu chakashata sekufirwa newaunoda kunogona kushanda senge chinozunguzika muhupenyu hwevanhu vazhinji hwechitendero kana hwemweya. Kune vamwe, chinamato kana zvekunamata zvinogona kuwedzera-kunatsiridzwa kana kudzika pasi pekuyedzwa. Kune vamwe, saMarian, chinamato kana zvekunamata zvinogona kudzikira neimwe nzira yakakosha.

Chikwata chemasayendisiti epfungwa chinotungamirwa naJulie Exline kuCase Western Reserve University chatanga kuongorora zvinoitika panguva yehondo yechitendero kana yemweya. Sezvineiwo, mune zvidzidzo zvakawanda , iri boka rekutsvagurudza rakaona kuti 44 kusvika ku72 muzana yevatori vechikamu vevanotsvagurudza vanoratidza zvimwe zvitendero zvekusatenda kuti kuna Mwari kana zveagnostic vanotaura kuti kwavo-kusatenda, zvirinani kusvika pamwero wakati, nekuda kwehukama kana hwepfungwa zvinhu (nezvikamu zvichisiyana pamasampuli nenzira) .

( Dzvanya apa kuti uwane hurukuro yakawanda pamusoro pekuti chinamato nemweya zvinodzikira sei muUnited States, uye zvimwe zvikonzero zvetsika nei.)

Chinhu chimwe chinogona kutungamira vanhu kuti vachinje maonero avo echitendero kana emweya panguva dzakaomarara zvine chekuita nezvavakatenda pamusoro paMwari. Munguva pfupi yapfuura, Exline nechikwata chake vakaburitsa chidzidzo chinoratidza kuti vanhu vakabata mazano asiri-akanaka pamusoro paMwari vanokwanisa kudzikisira zvechitendero uye zvekunamata zvichitevera kutambudzika. Kunyanya, avo vanotsigira zvitendero zvinokonzereswa naMwari, anotendera, kana kusakwanisa kudzivirira kutambura vanogona kusangana nekuderera.

Marian Fontana muenzaniso weiyi yakajairika pateni. Mukushungurudzika kwake, haana kukwanisa kuyananisa runako rwaanotarisa rwakamukomberedza pamwe nepfungwa yekuti Mwari neimwe nzira aive nebasa rekushandura murume wake anomuda "kuita mapfupa." Tichifunga izvi, zvinonzwisisika kuti haachafarire kuita "hurukuro naMwari."

Ehe, vanhu vanosiyana pamabatiro avanoita nenjodzi.

Kuti uwedzere kujekesa masimba aya, mune imwe chinyorwa, Exline nevamwe vake vakasiyanisa nzira nhatu dzevanhu "kuratidzira" kupokana naMwari panguva yenhamo. Aya maitiro ekuratidzira anogona kuvapo mukuenderera mberi, kubva pakuratidzira kwekuzvishingisa (semuenzaniso, kubvunza uye kunyunyuta kuna Mwari) kusvika kumanzwiro asina kunaka (semuenzaniso, kutsamwa uye kuora moyo kuna Mwari) kusiya nzira (semuenzaniso, kuramba wakatsamwa, kuramba Mwari, kupera hukama).

Semuenzaniso, mubhuku rangu randinodisisa renguva yese, "Husiku," mukwikwidzi wekupedzisira weNobel Peace Prize, Elie Wiesel, akanyatsorondedzera zvimwe zvekurwa kwake naMwari panguva yaakatapwa nevaNazi. Mune imwe yenyaya dzakakurumbira dzebhuku, Wiesel akanyora nezve maitiro ake ekutanga paakasvika kuAuschwitz:

“Handimbofi ndakakanganwa husiku ihwohwo, husiku hwekutanga mumusasa, uyo wakashandura hupenyu hwangu kuita husiku humwe hwakareba, kakapetwa kanomwe uye kakapetwa kanomwe. Handimbofi ndakakanganwa hutsi uhwo. Handimbofi ndakakanganwa zviso zvidiki zvevana, vane miviri yandakaona yakashanduka kuita maruva ehutsi pasi pedenga rakanyarara rebhuruu. Handimbofi ndakakanganwa iwo marimi akapedza kutenda kwangu zvachose. ”

Mune mamwe mavhesi, Wiesel akatsanangura mukutendeka mbishi kumwe kutsamwa kwake kuna Mwari kwekubvumira kutambura uku kuti kuitike. Semuenzaniso, paYom Kippur, Zuva Rekuyananisira apo vaJudha vanotsanya, Wiesel akati:

"Ini handina kutsanya ... ini handichabvuma kunyarara kwaMwari. "Pandakamedza mugove wangu wesobho, ndakashandura chiito ichi kuva mucherechedzo wekupandukira Iye."

Makumi emakore gare gare, pachirongwa chake cheredhiyo, "On being," Krista Tippett akabvunza Wiesel zvakaitika mukutenda kwake mumakore akatevera. Wiesel anofarira kupindura:

“Ndakaenderera mberi nekunamata. Saka ndataura mazwi anotyisa aya, uye ndinomira pamashoko ese andataura. Asi mushure mezvo, ndakaramba ndichinamata ... handina kumbopokana nekuvapo kwaMwari. ”

Ehezve, maJuda mazhinji-uye maEuropean mazhinji-vakaramba kudavira muna Mwari zvichitevera Holocaust. SaMarian Fontana, zvinonzwisisika kuti vaisakwanisa kuyananisa kutenda muna Mwari wemasimbaose, ane rudo nekutambudzika kukuru kwakaitika. Elie Wiesel, mukupesana, akabvunzurudza Mwari uye akatanga kutsamwa kukuru kuna Mwari, asi haana kumbobuda pahukama.

Kune vanhu vanoda kuchengetedza hukama naMwari, zvinogona kubatsira zvikuru kuona iyi sarudzo yekuratidzira pasina kubuda. Mune yavo chinyorwa pamusoro wenyaya, Exline uye vamwe vako wedzera pane izvi mukana:

"Kugona kusiyanisa tsika dzekubuda (idzo dzinowanzo kukanganisa hukama) uye hunhu hwekuzvishingisa (hunogona kubatsira hukama) hunogona kuve hwakakosha ... ... Vamwe ... vanhu vanogona ... [tenda] kuti mhinduro chete inokodzera kutsamwa kwakadaro [ndeye] kuzvibvisa pana Mwari, pamwe nekubuda muhukama zvachose ... Asi ... ko kana munhu akaona kuti vamwe kubvumidza kuratidzira - kunyanya munzira dzayo dzekuzvishingisa — kunogona kuva chikamu chehukama hwepedyo, hwakasimba naMwari? ”

Wilt, J. A., Exline, J. J., Lindberg, M. J., Park, C. L., & Pargament, K. I. (2017). Dzidziso dzezvitendero nezvekutambura nekudyidzana pamwe neyaMwari. Psychology yeChitendero uye Zvekunamata, 9, 137-147.