Kudzivirira Kushungurudzwa: Vana Vakauya Mushure Mhuka

Nhoroondo inodzidzisa. Vhiki rapfuura iri, ndichiverenga bhuku raJacob Riis '1902 Vana veVarombo , Ndakasangana nechitsauko chake chakanzi "Nhaka yaMary Mary Ellen." Riis anotaurira nyaya yaMary Ellen, mwana wevane vasere muna 1874, airohwa zuva nezuva naamai vake vokurera uye akavharirwa muwadhiropu mune imwe imba yemaroja munzvimbo yeGehena yeKishi yeNew York City. Mumwe mukadzi akanaka weMethodist mumamishinari akaudzwa nezvedambudziko raMary Ellen nemukadzi ari kufa netibhii aigara padyo nemusikana mudiki uye aigona kunzwa kuchema kwake. Mumishinari, Etta Angell Wheeler, akashanyira dzimba uye rubatsiro rwemagariro uye akavimbisa mukadzi ari kufa kuti aizoita chimwe chinhu kumisa kushungurudzwa kwevana.

Asi Wheeler paakabata nzanga dzakasiyana siyana dzinobatsira muguta nemapurisa nezvenyaya iyi, akarambwa uye akaudzwa kuti vabereki ndivo vanochengeta vana vavo uye kuti zvine njodzi kuyedza kupindira. Mukupererwa, Wheeler akatendeukira kuna Henry Burgh, uyo muna 1866 akange atanga musangano wenyika yedu wekutanga wekushungurudza mhuka, American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals. Sezvakataurwa naRiis, Burgh akapindura chikumbiro cha Wheeler kuti abatsirwe achiti, "Mwana imhuka, kana pasina kururamisira semunhu, ichave nekodzero dzeakarasika mumugwagwa. haufanire kushungurudzwa. (peji 143) Akadaidza magweta ake akapindira munyaya iyi. Mutongi mukutongwa akaita kuti Mary Ellen abviswe pamusha uye iye akazogamuchirwa nekurerwa nasisi va Wheeler. Nhanho-amai vakagamuchira gore mutirongo. Uye semhedzisiro yenyaya yaMary Ellen, Henry Bergh pamwe nemubatsiri-mukwikwidzi Elbridge Thomas Gerry, muna 1874 vakatanga New York Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children, yekutanga yakadaro nzanga yekudzivirira kushungurudzwa kwevana pasi rose.

Ini ndinofungidzira kuti vandinoshanda navo munharaunda vanodzidziswa ichi chidzidzo chenhoroondo - kuti kudzivirira kushungurudzwa kwemhuka nekudzivirirwa kwakagadzwa kusati kwambodzivirirwa nekudzivirira kwevana - asi ini handina kumbobvira ndapfuura pachokwadi ichi mudzidzo yeukoti. Howard Markel, MD, purofesa wezvevana, psychiatry, uye nhoroondo yemishonga paYunivhesiti yeMichigan akanyora nezvenyaya iyi muchinyorwa chake cheNYT, "Case Shined Light on Abuse of Children" (Zvita 14, 2009). Anopedzisa chinyorwa chake neyechiyeuchidzo chinokatyamadza:

"Kwakave nemazuva apo mhuka dzinotakura zvinhu dzainakidzwa nekuchengetedzwa zviri pamutemo kudarika vana. Mumakore achangopfuura, huwandu hwakawanda hwezvirongwa, zvirongwa zvekuongorora nekuzivisa, dzimba dzakachengeteka uye kuchengetedzwa zviri pamutemo zvakagadzirirwa kuchengetedza vana vanoshungurudzwa mumuviri kana pabonde.

Asi zuva rega rega, vana vatatu vanofa muUnited States nekuda kwekusabatwa zvakanaka kwevabereki. Mamwe akawanda anosara asingaonekwe uye munzira yekukuvara. Nyaya yaMary Ellen inotiyeuchidza nezve equation iri nyore: Kuti nzanga yedu inokoshesa zvakadii vana vayo inogona kuyerwa nemabatirwo uye kuchengetedzwa kwavakaitwa. "