Iyo Nyowani Paradigm yeGorofu Kudzidziswa

Zvaimbove izvo kuti kutaura "kufunga" uye "kuziva" zvine chekuita nemitambo yekudzidzisa kwaizokwaziswa nevasekeri. Mumwe anogona zvakare kunge achitora guru guru gorufu Ty Webb (Chevy Chase) kubva muvhi Caddyshack achiudza waakadzivirira kuti "ingova bhora."

Gorofu inopa yakakwana kesi mune poindi. Kutanga muma1970, Tim Gallwey ( Mutambo Wemukati weGorofu ) naMichael Murphy ( Gorofu muhumambo ) akashandisa zvese sainzi uye fananidzo kusimudzira pfungwa yekuti yepamusoro kuita uye kuenzana kwepfungwa kwaigona uye kwaizobuda zvakasarudzika kana gorofu raigona kudzikamisa kushushikana, kuzvitonga kusingaite, uye nyaya dzekuzvitsoropodza dzavakagadzira pamusoro pavo nekwaniso yavo. Kubva pane fungidziro yekuti kuunza kufunga uye kudzika kwepfungwa nezve gorufu kunokosha kwazvo, iyi paradigm iri kubuda inodzidzisa kuti huchenjeri hwemuviri hunogona kuburitsa shanduko dzinoitika, dzinoshanda, uye dzemitambo kana huchenjeri uhu hwakasunungurwa uye hwakanangiswa zvakaringana.

Shivas Irons akazova Bagger Vance uye kuziva kwakarongeka kunoratidzika kunge kwakapinda mune yakajairwa tekinoroji yenyika yegorofu kurairirwa.

Kwakajairika kuraira gorofu kunowanzo tarisa pazvikanganiso uye kugadzirisa. Iko gorofu famba yakaputsika pasi muzvikamu zvayo. Zvichienderana nemudzidzisi, chimwe kana chimwe chikamu chinosimbiswa, mupiro waro kune iyo yose yakaongororwa, uye imwe kana imwe drill inokurudzirwa kuti iwedzere. Semuenzaniso, vadzidzi vazhinji vanonzwisisa kukosha kwekuvandudza mukati nekunze kwekutsvedza nzira, kunyanya sezvo avhareji golfer achiuya "pamusoro kumusoro." Zvichienderana nemudzidzisi, "mhosho" iyi inogona "kugadziriswa" kuburikidza nenhamba dzakasiyana dzezvibhorani. Mumwe mudzidzisi anogona kuita kuti mudzidzi adzidzise kukanda kirabhu mu "slot" nekupomba maoko ake kumusoro uye pasi kumusoro kwekuseri kumashure; mumwe anogona kupa zano rekudhonzera tsoka yekurudyi kumashure gumi inches pakero; uyezve vamwe vanokurudzira kuvhara chimiro, kusimbisa kubata, kana kuti zvimwe kuisa chifukidziro chemusoro kunze kwebhora sedziviriro yekuona kuuya pamusoro.

Zvimwe zvezvibhorani izvi zvinoshanda. Humbowo, zvisinei, ndewekuti gadziriso haigare uye kuti, uyezve, mudzidzi haakwanise ku “gadzirisa” fambiro yake munzira. Icho chikonzero ndechekuti kururamisa kwemudzidzi hakuperekedzwe nekuziva kwakadzama kwekunzwa mutsauko pakati pemhosho uye gadziriso. Zvese izvo iye kana zvaari kuda kugadzirisa izvo zvakaputsika, kwete kugara munguva uye uone yake kana yake sensorimotor chiitiko. Uye kana mudzidzi asingazvinzwe, asinganzwisise masiyano aya, haakwanise kuvapo kune zviri kuitika mumuviri wake uye mukirabhu panguva ye "kukanganisa" uye "kugadzirisa," ipapo kukosha kwekugadzirisa kuchapera.

Mushure mekukunda iyo US Open nemavanga masere muna 2011, Rory McIlroy akataura nezvekukosha kwekuti "agare munguva" mumutambo wese. Hapana akanyemwerera.

"Varairidzi vepfungwa," chokwadika, izvozvi zvakajairika uye zvakabatsira kusimudzira gorofu uye varairidzi zvakafanana kune kukosha kwekubatanidza pfungwa nemuviri nekukurudzira vadzidzi kuti vave nehunhu hwakanaka, kuona kubudirira, kudzidzira maitiro ekuisa pfungwa, uye kupfava kwavo (kwedu) kusashivirira kusashivirira uye kusashivirira nezvikanganiso, kukundikana, uye kushungurudzika mukati nekusiya kosi.

Zvakadaro, kuona uye kudzidzira kwekuziva uye hunhu hwakanaka, nepo zvichikosha, nekukurumidza inova imwe "tip" kana "hunyanzvi" kugadzirisa, uye kwete hazvo kuziva, zvakakanganisika mumutambo wemunhu, uye, sekudaro, kunogona kukurudzira kunyepedzera kuti shanduko dzepfungwa dzinogona gadzirisa mutambo wemunhu.

Vatsvagiri vemuGreat Britain vakaona kuti kufunga zvakawandisa mashandiro egorofu nekuda kwechiitiko chavakadaidza kuti "kudzikisira mazwi," panguva iyo inoita kuti huropi hutarise zvakanyanya kunzvimbo dzemitauro kwete pane masisitimu ehuropi anotsigira hunyanzvi huri mubvunzo.

Sa chiremba wepfungwa, ndakadzidza kuti vanhu vanodzidza sei uye vanochinja. Segorofu, ndakadzidza kuti gorofu rinodzidziswa uye rinodzidziswa sei. Uye nepo vazhinji vanodzidzisa vachibvuma simba repfungwa uye kukosha kwekuziva, vashoma vanoziva maitiro ekuidzidzisa, uye kunyangwe vashoma vanoita kuti ive yavo yekutanga tarisiro. Kuedza kumisa kufunga kwakashata, semuenzaniso, kana kuitsiva nemifananidzo yakanaka, hakungoshandi chete, asi kazhinji kunodzosera kumashure, kuwedzera kukanganisa mudzidzi. Kubatanidza kuvepo uye kufunga nekuvandudza chaiko mugoridhe maitiro ndeimwe nyaya zvachose. Sei, shure kwezvose, mumwe anodzidzisa kufunga kune golfer anotambudzwa nechidimbu chake?

Mumwe mudzidzisi anoita kunge akawana nzira inoshanda. Muvambi weiyo Chikoro cheKunoshamisa Gorofu muCarmel Valley, Calif., Fred Shoemaker aive mudzidzi waTim Gallway. Shoemaker anyora mabhuku maviri, anomhanyisa mazana ezvikoro zvegorofu (zvakashambadzwa chete neshoko remuromo) neinopfuura 95 muzana yehuwandu hwevanoenda kubvira 1990, uye akapa 40,000 zvidzidzo kune amateur uye nyanzvi gorofu zvakafanana. Iye naJo Hardy vakatoburitsa vhidhiyo vachitsanangura maitiro ake zvizere.

Kunyangwe vanhu vachikanganisa kusimbisa kwaShoemaker pakuziva nekudzidzisa mutambo wepfungwa, zvakapesana ichokwadi. Chinangwa chaShoemaker kubatsira vadzidzi kusiyanisa pakati pekuve mumisoro yavo nekuvepo zvizere mumiviri yavo. Anovarairidza kuti vaongorore zvikamu zvishanu zvakakosha zvegorofu rinotenderera kuburikidza nezvakanangana nezviitiko zvemuviri:

1. Kuvapo kwenzvimbo-kumeso kubatana kwakasimba (pamwe kwakanyanya kukosha)
2. Iyo chaiyo chinzvimbo (yakavhurika vs. yakavharwa) yemakirabhu avo musoro kuburikidza nekuzungunuka kwese
3. Iyo chaiyo nzira (mukati vs.kunze) yekirabhu kuburikidza nekukanganisa
4. kuenderana kwemitumbi yavo uye kirabhu pakero uye mukusvetuka kwese
5. Ivo ruzivo rwekusununguka uye kubatana kwavo kune chakanangwa.

Nyanzvi, sekureva kwaShoemaker, varipo zvakanyanya kune yega yeiyi size yeiyo swing kupfuura amateurs. Muchokwadi, anopokana kuti mutsauko mukuru pakati pevanyanzvi nevateereri uri mukudzika kwekuziva kwavo. Iwo ekare mapofu mabara madiki nepo iwo ekupedzisira anogona kuve makuru. Nyanzvi dzinogona kunzwa kune iyo kirabhu musoro iri mukati mese panenge pese panofamba. Ivo havawanzo kurova kuseri kwebhora nekuti kwavo psychophysical kuziva, yavo nzvimbo yegiravhiti, isingachinjiki inoita kuti zviite sezvisingabviri. Iwo akabatana kune chakanangwa, nepo amateurs akabatana kune bhora.

Echoing Gallwey, mutumbi, sekureva kwaShoemaker, une hunyanzvi hwepamoyo, kana tikangogona chete kubva munzira yacho. Iye anoita iyi poindi zvinoshamisa paanoratidzira vadzidzi vake vachikanda gorofu kirabhu. Ndizvozvo-kirabhu yegorofu. Iye anokumbira mudzidzi kuti atore nzvimbo yake yekero yenguva dzose uyezve kungokanda kirabhu yegorofu chinhambwe chakati kunze kune iyo fairway nenzira yakasununguka. Sezvo pasina bhora, iyi kirabhu-yekukanda jingi ndeyezvisikwa uye inogadzirisirwa kune chimwe chinhu (chakanangwa) "kunze uko." Shoemaker anoshevedza uku kusununguka kwedu swing. Zvinoshamisa kuti kushamisika kwevadzidzi vese, kusanganisira avo makumi maviri nevaviri vanogadzira maoko, kunoonekwa pavhidhiyo kuve nesimba, zvemitambo, uye zvine mutsindo, zvine lag yakadzika uye kuoneka kwekubatana pakati pezvose zvinofamba zvikamu. Iyo nguva iyo vadzidzi vazhinji vanotaura nezve bhora, zvakadaro, yavo "chaiyo" famba inoerekana yaonekwa - pamusoro pepamusoro, mudiki diki, yakavhurika kirabhu, uye simba shoma.

Nyaya yaShoemaker ndeyekuti kana chinangwa chemunhu nekutarisa zvakanangiswa, muviri unoziva zvekuita. Mukuvapo kwebhola, muviri wakajeka zvakafanana; zvisinei, panguva ino tarisiro isiri-kuziva inova bhora. Chinangwa cheamateur ndechekuita kubata nebhora, uye "mhosho" yega yega inozogadziriswa kuti inyatsoita izvi chete.

Muviri unoziva zvauri kuita. Asi mukushayikwa kwekuziva, zvinopedzisira zvave kungobatirira hupenyu hunodiwa.

Chiitiko chegoroferi chinowanzoitika chekusavapo uye, nekudaro, chekubviswa zvachose kubva kune chero sensorimotor kuziva, inowanzo kuratidzwa pakuisa girini. Kuvapo kwe "yips" chiratidzo cheiyo yakanyanyisa vhezheni yechiitiko ichi. Pano, makakatanwa, kutaurirana kwepfungwa, uye kudamburwa kubva kuchokwadi izvo zvinowanzo gadzira mapofu munzvimbo mukuzara kuzere zvinotora zvakakwana. Kuisa, saka, kazhinji kunogona kuve nhandare ine simba yekudzidzisa vadzidzi nezve kuziva nezve kusiyanisa pakati pekuvapo chaiko, uye kuve mumusoro wemunhu.

Kuti aratidze chiitiko ichi, Shoemaker anokumbira mudzidzi kuti aise bhora mumukombe kubva pamasendimita maviri kubva ipapo, uye kuti aone chiitiko ichi, chinoratidzwa nekusavapo kwakazara kwekufunga. Anozodzokorora kurovedza muviri, zvishoma nezvishoma achiisa bhora kumberi uye nekure kure negomba, achikumbira mudzidzi kuti ataure chinhambwe icho vamwe vanofunga, vasina kukokwa, chinopinda mumusoro wake. Kazhinji, panenge imwe kusvika kumamita maviri, mudzidzi anotanga kutaura mifungo yakadai sekuti "zvirinani ndiise pfungwa pano," kana "ndinotarisira kuti handichapotsa," kana "tora nguva yako, izvozvi, uye uirove yakatwasuka." Idzi pfungwa dzinouya dzisina kukokwa. Ivo havabatsire iyo putt kupinda mukati. Ivo vanowanzo kuve vasina kunaka kana kunyevera. Ivo vanounza kutanga kwemhasuru kusagadzikana. Kuedza kuvadzinga hazvishande. Kuzvitsiva nemifananidzo yakanaka zvinongo chengetedza imwe yakadzika mumusoro wemunhu. Mudzidzi iye zvino ave mupfungwa dzake uye nekubatana kwake nekirabhu, bhora, gomba, uye pfungwa yerusununguko inowanikwa kubva pamasentimita maviri inotanga kudzikira.

Shoemaker anokoka vadzidzi kuti vangorega pfungwa idzi dzionekwe, vadzicherechedze, uye vongodzoka vadzokororazve kuchokwadi chega chakakosha - muviri wavo, bhora, kirabhu uye chakanangwa. "Ivepo kune zvese," anodaro, "pasina kutonga." Pfungwa dzinoita sedzinouya dzoga, uye dzinogona kuzonyangarika dzega kana tikasavakanganisa neichoicho.

Shoemaker anoita kuti vadzidzi vaedze nezvibodzwa izvo zvinovabvisa mumisoro yavo. Ivo putt vachitarisa paburi kwete pane bhora, tarisa kurira kweiyo putter painogadzira yepakati-kumeso kusangana kana isingaiti. Ivo putt nemaziso avo akavharwa uye vanofanirwa "kufungidzira" kuti bhora ipfupi, refu, kuruboshwe, kana kurudyi, uyezve vanovhura maziso avo voona kusangana pakati peizvo putt inonzwa kunge iri kuita maringe nezviri kuita chaizvo. Saizvozvowo, anogona kukumbira mudzidzi kuti akungurure bhora achishandisa ruoko rwake kuyambuka girini iri paburi, achiona zvakadzama chaizvo kuti rinotyoka sei uye nekukurumidza sei. Iye anobva abvunza mudzidzi kuti putt kune rimwe gomba, chinangwa chiri chekuona mutsauko mukuziva uye kutarisa pakati pezviito zviviri izvi.

Yese iyi "mitambo" ine chinangwa chimwe chete: kudzamisa kuziva kwemudzidzi nezve zvese zvinobvira zvechiito chemuviri chekuisa.

Pazasi pemaitiro eShoemaker haana chekuita nekupa mukana maitiro pamusoro pemhedzisiro. Ndiko kuti kuvandudzwa kwekuziva uye kuvapo zvine hukama nemaitiro ndiyo chete nzira yechokwadi yekuvandudza mhedzisiro, kureva, kudzikisa zvibodzwa zvako. Pane dzimwe nzira makumi mashanu nenomwe dzekutsanangura musiyano uripo pakati paTiger Woods neni kana tichitamba gorufu. Asi chimwe chezvinyanya kukosha chiripo musiyano wakakura mukuziva kwedu zviri kuitika panguva yechipiri iyo inotora kukwikwidza kirabhu yegorofu. Uye ndikapihwa uyu musiyano, Tiger inokwanisa kuzvirovedza pachayo kana iko kusvetuka kwayo kukanganisika, ini ndichichinjira mumamiriro ekupona sezvakangoita goroferi weamateur.

Nguva refu Fred Shoemaker asati atora kirabhu yegorofu, asiri-golfer, Albert Einstein, akarondedzera kukosha kwekubaya muchiitiko chedu chakadzama paakati: Iyo intuitive pfungwa chipo chinoyera uye pfungwa ine pfungwa mushandi akatendeka. Isu takagadzira nzanga inokudza muranda uye yakanganwa chipo.