Nyowani Neuroprosthetic Is AI AI Robhoti Kubudirira

Masayendisiti eEPFL (École polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne) muSwitzerland vakazivisa kuumbwa kwenyika yekutanga yerobotic ruoko-rudzi rutsva rweeuroprosthetic iyo inobatanidza kutonga kwevanhu nehungwaru hwekuita (AI) automation kune yakakura robhoti dexterity uye yakaburitsa kutsvagurudza kwavo Gunyana 2019 mukati Zvisikwa Machine Uchenjeri .

Neuroprosthetics (neural prosthetics) zvigadzirwa zvekugadzira zvinomutsa kana kusimudzira system yemagetsi kuburikidza nekusimudzira kwemagetsi kubhadharisa kushomeka kunokanganisa hunyanzvi hwemota, kuziva, kuona, kunzwa, kutaurirana, kana hunyanzvi hwekunzwa. Mienzaniso yeeuroprosthetics inosanganisira huropi-komputa nzvimbo (BCIs), yakadzika huropi kukurudzira, musana wesipinha zvinokurudzira (SCS), bladder control implants, cochlear implants, uye cardiac pacemaker.

Iyo yepasi rose yepamusoro nhengo yemakumbo inokosheswa inotarisirwa kudarika 2.3 bhiriyoni USD na2025, maererano nenhamba kubva muna Nyamavhuvhu 2019 mushumo neGlobal Market Insight. Muna 2018, mutengo wepasi rose wemusika wakasvika bhiriyoni rimwe reUS USD zvichibva pamushumo mumwe chete. Vanofungidzirwa mamirioni maviri maAmerican vakadimburwa makumbo, uye kune anopfuura zviuru gumi neshanu nemashanu ekugurwa kunoitwa gore rega rega, maererano neNational Limb Loss Information Center. Chirwere cheVascular chinokwana makumi masere nezviviri muzana kubva muU.S.

A myoelectric prosthesis inoshandiswa kutsiva mitezo yemuviri yakatemwa neruoko rwekunze rwunogadzirwa nemhasuru dziripo dzemushandisi. Sekureva kwechikwata chekutsvagisa che EPFL, zvigadzirwa zvekutengesa zviripo nhasi zvinogona kupa vashandisi danho rakakwirira rekuzvitonga, asi hunyanzvi hapana kwahwo hunenge hwakaomarara sezvinoita ruoko rwevanhu.

“Zvigadzirwa zvekutengesa zvinowanzoshandisa nzira-yekurekodha-chiteshi kudzora mwero mumwechete werusununguko; Kureva, imwe sEMG chiteshi chekumhanya uye imwe yekuwedzera, "vakanyora vaongorori veEPFL mukudzidza kwavo. "Kunyange iri nzwisisika, sisitimu inopa hunyanzvi hushoma. Vanhu vanosiya zvigadzirwa zvemagetsi zvinokwikwidza zvakawandisa pamwero wakakwira, muchidimbu nekuti vanofunga kuti mwero wekudzora hauna kukwana kuti mutengo uye kuomarara kwezvinhu izvi zvikwanisike. ”

Kugadzirisa dambudziko rekushomeka nema myoelectric prostheses, EPFL vaongorori vakatora nzira dzakasiyana siyana dzeichi chiratidzo-che-pfungwa chidzidzo nekubatanidza masainzi masayiti eurouroengineering, marobhoti, nehungwaru hwekunyepedzera kuita semi-otomatiki chikamu chemota kuraira ye "yakagovaniswa kuzvidzora. ”

Silvestro Micera, EPFL's Bertarelli Foundation Sachigaro muDudziro Neuroengineering, uye Muzvinafundo weBioelectronics kuScuola Superiore Sant'Anna muItari, vanoona nzira iyi yakagovaniswa yekudzora maoko erobhoti inogona kugadzirisa kiriniki kukanganisa uye kushandisika kweakasiyana-siyana europrosthetic zvinangwa senge huropi -to-machine interfaces (BMIs) uye bionic maoko.

"Chimwe chikonzero nei zvigadzirwa zvekutengesa zvakanyanya kushandisa classifier-based decoders panzvimbo yeakaenzana imhaka yekuti classifiers vanonyanya kusimba mune imwe chimiro," vakanyora vatsvagurudzo. "Pakubata, rudzi urwu rwekutonga rwakakosha kudzivirira kudonha netsaona asi kupa vashandi vamiririri nekudzivirira huwandu hweanogona kumira maoko. Kuitwa kwedu kwekugovana kudzora kunotendera kune vese vashandisi agency uye kubata kusimba. Panzvimbo yemahara, mushandisi ane simba rakazara pamusoro pekufamba kwemaoko, izvo zvakare zvinobvumidza pre-kuumba yekubata kuti ubate. ”

Muchidzidzo ichi, vaongorori ve EPFL vakatarisa mukugadzirwa kwesoftware algorithms - iyo robhoti Hardware iyo yakapihwa nemapato ekunze ine Allegro Ruoko yakaiswa paKUKA IIWA 7 robhoti, OptiTrack kamera system uye TEKSCAN yekumanikidza maseru.

Masayendisiti eEPFL akagadzira kinematic proportional decoder nekugadzira multilayer perceptron (MLP) yekudzidza kududzira chinangwa chevashandisi kuti vaishandure kuita kufamba kweminwe paruoko rwekugadzira. Iyo multilayer perceptron ndeye feedforward yekugadzira neural network iyo inoshandisa backpropagation. MLP inzira yekudzidza yakadzama uko ruzivo rwunofambira mberi munzira imwe, maringe nekutenderera kana kutenderera kuburikidza neyakagadzirwa neural network.

Iyo algorithm inodzidziswa nedata yekuisa kubva kumushandisi ichiita akateedzana mafambiro emaoko. Yekukurumidza kusangana nguva, iyo Levenberg-Marquardt nzira yakashandiswa kukwirisa netiweki zviyereso pachinzvimbo che gradient dzinza. Iyo yakazara-modhi yekudzidzira maitiro yaive yekukurumidza uye yakatora isingasviki maminetsi gumi kune yega yezvidzidzo, ichiita iyo algorithm inoshanda kubva kuchipatara-kushandisa maonero.

"Kumunhu anodimburwa gumbo, zvakaoma chaizvo kubata tsandanyama nzira dzakawanda, dzakasiyana dzekudzora nzira dzese dzinofamba neminwe yedu," akadaro Katie Zhuang ku EPFL Translational Neural Engineering Lab, aive munyori wekutanga wetsvagurudzo . “Chatinoita isu kuisa masensa aya pachigutsa chawo chasara, tobva tarekodha tobva taedza kuturikira chinonzi masaisai ekufambisa. Nekuti ma siginecha aya anogona kuita ruzha, chatinoda uyu muchina kudzidza algorithm iyo inoburitsa chiitiko chine musoro kubva kune iwo mhasuru uye ichiadudzira mukufamba. Uye kufamba uku ndiko kunodzora munwe wega wemaoko erobhoti. ”

Nekuti fungidziro yemuchina yekufamba kwemunwe inogona kunge isingave 100 muzana chaiyo, vaongorori veEPFL vakaisa robotic otomatiki kugonesa ruoko rwekugadzira uye kutanga otomatiki kuvhara chinhu kana kamwe kekutanga kusangana kwaitwa. Kana mushandisi achida kuburitsa chinhu, zvese zvaanofanirwa kuita kuedza kuvhura ruoko kuti adzime robhoti controller, uye kudzorera mushandisi mukutonga kweruoko.

Sekureva kwaAude Billard uyo anotungamira EPFL's Kudzidza Algorithms uye MaSystem Laborator, ruoko rwemarobhoti rwunokwanisa kuita mukati memazana mana emamiriyoni ezviuru. "Yakashongedzerwa nema sensors ekumanikidza pese paminwe, inogona kuita uye kugadzikisa chinhu icho huropi usati wanyatsoona kuti chinhu chiri kutsvedza," akadaro Billard.

Nekushandisa kwehungwaru hwekunyepedzera kune neuroengineering uye marobhoti, masayendisiti eEPFL aratidzira nzira nyowani yekutonga kwakagovaniswa pakati pemuchina nechinangwa chemushandisi-kufambira mberi muhunyanzvi hweeuroprosthetic.

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