Neurodegenerative Zvirwere: Mhando, Zviratidzo Uye Kurapwa

Zvemukati

• Kuongororwa kwezvinonyanya kukosha zvirwere zveeurodegenerative uye zviratidzo zvavo.
• Ndezvipi zvirwere zveeurodegenerative?
• Zvinogona kuitika
• Mhando dzakajairika dzezvirwere zveeurodegenerative
• 1. Chirwere cheAlzheimer
• 2. Chirwere chePasinson
• 3. Multiple Sclerosis
• 4. Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
• 5. Chorea yaHuntington
• 6. Atxia yaFriedreich
• Kurapa kwezvirwere zveeurodegenerative
• Zvinyorwa zvebhaibheri

Kuongororwa kwezvinonyanya kukosha zvirwere zveeurodegenerative uye zviratidzo zvavo.

Ngatifungei nezvechirwere chinotityisa zvakanyanya. Pamwe, vamwe vanhu vakafungidzira gomarara kana AIDS, asi vamwe vazhinji vakasarudza Alzheimer's, kana imwe hosha mune kurasikirwa kunofambira mberi kwemano (kunyanya epfungwa, asiwo epanyama). Uye iyo pfungwa yekurasa masimba edu (kusakwanisa kurangarira, kusakwanisa kufamba, kusaziva kuti tiri vanaani kana kuti tiri kupi) chikamu chehope dzakadzika kwazvo uye kutya kwevakawanda.

Nehurombo, kune vamwe vanhu zvinopfuura kutya: chinhu chavari kurarama kana kutarisira kurarama munguva pfupi. Izvo ndezve vanhu vanotambura neurodegenerative hosha, pfungwa yatinozotaura nezvayo muchinyorwa chino.

Ndezvipi zvirwere zveeurodegenerative?

Zvirwere zveNeurodegenerative zvinonzwisiswa kuva seti yezvirwere uye kusagadzikana kunoratidzwa nekuvapo kweiyo neurodegeneration, ndokuti, kuenderera mberi kwekudzikisira kusvika pakufa kwemauroni izvo zviri chikamu chehurongwa hwedu hwemitsipa.

Iyi neuronal kufa inowanzo fambira mberi uye isingadzoreke, ichikonzera mhedzisiro yemhedzisiro kana mhedzisiro yekusiyana kwekuomarara kunogona kubva mukusava nechiratidzo chekukonzeresa kurasikirwa kunofambira mberi kwepfungwa uye / kana masimba epanyama uye kutotungamira kurufu (semuenzaniso, nekuda kwekusungwa kwemoyo, chimwe chezvikonzero zvinowanzoitika zvekufa mumhando iyi yemamiriro).

Zvirwere zveNeurodegenerative ndezvimwe zvezvikonzero zvinowanzoitika uye zvakakosha zvekuremara, nekuti kufambira mberi kweiyo neurodegeneration inozoguma ichikonzera kudzikisira kwemabasa uye nekufambira mberi kusakwanisa kubata nezvinodiwa nezvakatipoteredza, inoda rutsigiro rwekunze uye akasiyana madigiri erubatsiro.

Zvinogona kuitika

Izvo zvinokonzeresa zvemhando iyi yezvinetso kana hosha zvinogona kuve zvakawandisa, zviine huwandu hwakawanda hwezvinhu zvinogona kukanganisa maitiro avo. Kwakatangira mumubvunzo kunoenderana zvikuru nechirwere cheeurodegenerative chatiri kutaura nezvacho. Nekudaro, muzviitiko zvakawanda zvikonzero chaizvo zvekuonekwa kwezvirwere izvi hazvizivikanwe.

Pakati pezvikonzero zvakawanda zvinofungidzirwa kuti zvimwe zvacho zvavanoziva, zvimwe zvikonzero zviri muzvirwere zvehutachiona izvo zvisati zvaporeswa zvinokanganisa hurongwa hwekutya, kuvapo kweshanduko mu autoimmune system iyo inoita kuti irwise maseru e muviri, trauma uye / kana cerebrovascular tsaona (mune kesi yevascular dementia). Kuwedzeredza kwezvimwe zvinhu zvakaita se Mitezo yeLeyy, beta-amyloid plaque kana tambo dzeeurofibrillary inoonekwawo mune mamwe madhechi, kunyangwe chikonzero chekuonekwa kwavo chisingazivikanwe.

Mhando dzakajairika dzezvirwere zveeurodegenerative

Kune huwandu hwakawanda hwezvirwere uye kusagadzikana izvo zvinogona kukonzeresa kushomeka uye kunotevera kufa kweeuroni mune yedu yetsinga system. Dementias uye neuromuscular hosha dzinowanzo kuve dzinozivikanwa uye dzinowanzoitika. Pazasi isu tinogona kuona mimwe mienzaniso yezvimwe zvakajairika zvirwere zveeurodegenerative.

1. Chirwere cheAlzheimer

Chimwe chezvinyanya kuzivikanwa neurodegenerative hosha chirwere cheAlzheimer, pamwe chinetso chakanyanya uye chakapararira cherudzi urwu. Ichi chirwere, icho chinotanga mune temporoparietal lobes uye gare gare chinopararira mukati mehuropi, hachina chikonzero chakajeka chinozivikanwa. Iyo inogadzira dhementia inozivikanwa ne kurasikirwa kunofambira mberi kwesimba repfungwa, ndangariro ichive chimwe chezvinhu zvakakanganiswa zvakanyanya uye aphasic-apraxo-agnosic syndrome inoonekwa umo kugona kwekutaura, kuteedzana uye kuita kufamba kwakaomarara uye kuzivikanwa kuri kurasikirwa nezviyero zvakaita sezviso.

2. Chirwere chePasinson

Parkinson ndeimwe yeanonyanya kuzivikanwa uye kazhinji chirwere cheeurodegenerative. Mariri , kuenderera mberi kwekudzikira kwemauroni eiyo substantia nigra uye iyo nigrostriatal system inoitika, ichikanganisa kugadzirwa uye kushandiswa kwedopamine munzira iyi. Zviratidzo zvinonyanya kuzivikanwa ndezve rudzi rwemota, nekudzikira, kusagadzikana uye pamwe chiratidzo chinonyanya kuzivikanwa: kudengenyeka kweparkinsonia muzororo mamiriro.

Inogona kupedzisira yagadzira dementia, umo, kuwedzera kune izvo zviri pamusoro zviratidzo, mutism, kurasikirwa nechiso kumeso, kunonoka kwepfungwa, kusagadzikana kwendangariro uye zvimwe shanduko zvinogona kucherechedzwa.

3. Multiple Sclerosis

Chisingaperi uye pari zvino hachirapike chirwere chinogadzirwa nekufambira mberi kudonhedzwa kwehurongwa hwemitsipa nekuda kwe maitiro e immune system kurwisa iyo myelin inovhara mauroni. Izvo zvinoitika muchimiro chekumuka pakati pacho panogona kuve nechero nhanho yekudzoreredza, sezvo muviri uchiedza kugadzirisa kurasikirwa kweiyo myelin (kunyange nyowani ichizoramba isinganyoro uye inoshanda). Kuneta, kushaya simba kwemhasuru, kushomeka kwekubatana, matambudziko ekuona uye kurwadziwa ndiwo mamwe ematambudziko aanokonzera, kazhinji kufambira mberi mukusimba nekufamba kwenguva. Iyo haifungidzirwe seinouraya uye haina hunyanzvi pane iyo tarisiro yehupenyu.

4. Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ndechimwe cheanowanzoitika neuromuscular kusagadzikana, kuva chimwe chezvirwere zveeurodegenerative zvakabatana nekuchinja uye kufa kwemamota neurons. Sezvo neurodegeneration ichienderera mberi, mhasuru atrophy kudzamara kufamba kwavo kwekuzvidira kusisaite. Nekufamba kwenguva inogona kukanganisa mweya wekufema, chimwe chezvikonzero chiri chekuti tarisiro yeupenyu yeavo vanotambura nazvo yakadzikira zvakanyanya (kunyangwe paine zvisaririra, zvakaita saStephen Hawking).

5. Chorea yaHuntington

Chirwere chinozivikanwa saHuntington's chorea ndeche imwe yeanonyanya kuzivikanwa neurodegenerative hosha dzemagene mavambo. Heredhi chirwere chinopfuudzwa nenzira ye autosomal, inoonekwa nekuvapo kwekuchinja kwemotokari, senge choreas kana mafambiro anogadzirwa nekubatirana kwemhasuru, kusimudzira kwayo kwakafanana nekutamba. Pamusoro pechiratidzo chemota, sezvo chirwere ichi chichienderera mberi, shanduko dzinoonekwa mumabasa makuru, ndangariro, kutaura uye kunyange hunhu.

Kuvapo kwezvakakosha zvehuropi maronda kunoonekwa mukukura kwayo kwese, kunyanya mubasal ganglia. Iyo inowanzo kuve neyakaipa fungidziro, ichideredza zvakanyanya tarisiro yeupenyu yeavo vanotambura nazvo uye kufambisa kuvepo kwechirwere chemoyo uye chekufema.

6. Atxia yaFriedreich

Chirwere chenhaka chinoshandura huta kuburikidza nekubatanidzwa kweeuroni mumutsipa wepelinha uye tsinga dzinodzora magumo. Iko kunonyanya kuoneka kuomesa kufamba, mhasuru kushaya simba, matambudziko ekutaura uye ekufamba, uye matambudziko ekufamba kwemaziso. Kufambira mberi kwechirwere ichi kunowanzoita kuti avo vanobatwa vade rubatsiro uye kushandiswa kwemawiricheya. Inowanzoitika ichiperekedzwa nematambudziko emoyo.

Kurapa kwezvirwere zveeurodegenerative

Zvizhinji zvezvirwere zveeurodegenerative hazvirapike nhasi (kunyangwe paine zvisaririra, nekuti mune zvimwe zvinokonzerwa nezvirwere hutachiona hunogona kubviswa). Nekudaro, kune marapirwo anovavarira kudzora kufambira mberi kwezvirwere izvi uye nekurebesa kuzvimiririra nekushanda kwemurwere. Zvichienderana nenyaya chaiyo, akasiyana ekurapa-ekuvhiya maitiro anogona kushandiswa izvo zvinogona kudzikamisa zviratidzo zvechirwere kana mishonga yakasiyana inowedzera kushanda kwenyaya yacho.

Pakutanga, zvinofanirwa kutariswa kuti kuongororwa kumwechete kuchange kuri kurova kwakaomarara kumurwere, zvichikonzera nguva yekuchema nematambudziko anogadziriswa anotorwa pairi. Kuzvidya mwoyo uye kushushikana zvinogona kuoneka, uye kunyangwe kuomarara kana kuseri kwekushungurudzika kusagadzikana zvichienderana nenyaya yacho. Mune zviitiko izvi, kushandisa psychotherapy kunogona kudikanwa, kugadzirisa zano kune imwe neimwe kesi. Uye kwete chete muchiitiko chemurwere, asi vanochengeta vanogona zvakare kusangana nemhando dzematambudziko uye vanoda hunyanzvi hwekuchengetwa.

Psychoeducation kune vese murwere uye nharaunda zvine chekuita nechirwere uye mhedzisiro yacho zvakakosha, zvichibatsira kudzikisa huwandu hwekusava nechokwadi hwavanogona kuve nekupa nzira uye nzira dzekugadzirisa.

Iko kushandiswa kweiyo neuropsychological rehabilitation, Therapy yebasa, physiotherapy uye matauriro ekurapa zvakajairika sechikamu chehurongwa hwakawanda hwekuvandudza uye kuwedzera hupenyu hwehupenyu, nyika, kugona uye kuzvimirira kwemurwere. Izvo zvakare zvinowanzo guma zvichida kushandiswa kwekunze kwekubatsira iyo inogona kushandiswa semubhadharo kana kutsiva kweakarasika hunyanzvi senge pictograms, ajenda (chimwe chinhu chakareruka seichi chinogona kubatsira zvakanyanya kune vanhu vane ndangariro uye kuronga matambudziko semuenzaniso), visual aids kana mafambiro ekufamba senge akagadziriswa mawiricheya.

Zvinyorwa zvebhaibheri