Iyo Stem Cell Inovhenesheni Yakafambira Mberi Neuroscience Tsvagiridzo

Chimwe chezvinhu zvega chega mukufunda huropi hwemunhu kuve nekwaniso yekuita tsvagiridzo pane chaiko mashandiro ehuropi hwemunhu. Nekuda kweizvozvo, zvidzidzo zvakawanda zvesainzi zvinoitiswa pamakonzo semumiriri wemammalia. Iko kukanganisa kune iyi nzira ndeyekuti makonzo uropi akasiyana muhurongwa uye mashandiro. Sekureva kwaJohns Hopkins, zvine mutsindo, huropi hwemunhu hunosvika makumi matatu muzana mauroni uye makumi manomwe muzana glia, nepo mbeva uropi ihwo hwakanangana ne [1]. Vatsvakurudzi veMIT vakaona kuti dendrites emauroni emunhu anotakura zviratidzo zvemagetsi zvakasiyana neanenge makonzo mauroni [2]. Imwe nzira yekuvandudza ndeyekukura kwehunhu hwehunhu uchishandisa stem cell technology.

Masero emadzinde maseru akasarudzika anopa masero akapatsanurwa. Icho chitsva chakawanikwa chazvino chakatanga kuma80's. Embryonic stem masero akatanga kuwanikwa mu1981 naSir Martin Evans weCardiff University, UK, uyezve kuYunivhesiti yeCambridge, 2007 Nobel Laureate mukurapa [3].

Muna 1998, patsanura masisitimu embryonic emunhu akakurwa murabhorani naJames Thomson weYunivhesiti yeWisconsin kuMadison naJohn Gearhart weJohns Hopkins University muBaltimore [4].

Makore masere gare gare, Shinya Yamanaka weKyoto University kuJapan akawana nzira yekushandura maseru eganda remakonzo kuva maseru ane simba ane simba achishandisa hutachiona kuunza majini mana [5]. Pluripotent masero maseru anokwanisa kukura kuita mamwe marudzi emaseru. Yamanaka, pamwe naJohn B. Gurdon, vakahwina mubairo weNobel muPhysiology kana Mushonga 2012 mukutsvaga kuti masero akura anogona kugadzirwazve kuita pluripotent [6]. Iyi pfungwa inozivikanwa seinokonzeresa pluripotent maseru maseru, kana maPSS.

Muna 2013, European research team yemasayendisiti, inotungamirwa naMadeline Lancaster naJuergen Knoblich, vakagadzira hutatu-hukuru (3D) cerebral organoid vachishandisa masero emunhu ane masimba akawanda "akakura kusvika pamamirimita mana muhukuru uye aigona kurarama kwenguva yakareba semwedzi gumi. . [7]. ” Uku kwaive budiriro huru semhando dzekutanga dzeeuron dzakakwenenzverwa mu2D.

Munguva pfupi yapfuura, muna Gumiguru 2018, timu yemasayendisiti anotungamirwa naTufts akakura iyo 3D modhi yehunhu hwevanhu matissue ayo airatidzira otomatiki emagetsi zviitiko kwemwedzi mipfumbamwe. Chidzidzo chakaburitswa muna Gumiguru 2018 muna ACS Biomaterials Sayenzi & Injiniya, chinyorwa cheAmerican Chemical Society [8].

Kubva pakuwanikwa kwekutanga kwemasero maseru mumakonzo kusvika mukukura 3D yemunhu neural network mamodheru kubva kune pluripotent maseru maseru mune isingasviki makore makumi mana, kumhanya kwekufambira mberi kwesainzi kwave kuchioneka. Aya ma 3D emhando dzehuropi hwemunhu hunogona kubatsira kufambisira mberi kutsvagurudza mukutsvaga mishonga mitsva yeAlzheimer's, Parkinson's, Huntington's, muscular dystrophy, pfari, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (inozivikanwawo seALS kana chirwere chaLou Gehrig), uye zvimwe zvakawanda zvirwere uye kusagadzikana kwehuropi. Iwo maturusi anoshandiswa neuroscience kutsvagurudza ari kushanduka mukushomeka, uye maseru emadziro anoita basa rakakosha mukumhanyisa kufambira mberi kubatsira vanhu.

Copyright © 2018 Cami Rosso Kodzero dzose dzakachengetedzwa.

2. Rosso, Cami. “Nei Uropi Hwemunhu Huchiratidza Huchenjeri Hwepamusoro?” Psychology Nhasi. Gumiguru 19, 2018.

3. Yunivhesiti yeCardiff. "Sir Martin Evans, Mubayiro weNobel muMedicine." Yakadzorerwa 23 Gumiguru 2018 kubva http://www.cardiff.ac.uk/about/honours-and-awards/nobel-laureates/sir-martin-evans

4. Mwoyo Maonero. "Stem Cell Timeline." 2015 Kubvumbi-Chikumi. Kudzoreredzwa pa10-23-2018 kubva ku https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4485209/#

5. Scudellari, Megan. "Kuchinja kwakaita masero ePS pasi rose." Zvisikwa. 15 Chikumi 2016.

6. Mubayiro weNobel (2012-10-08). “Mubayiro weNobel muPhysiology kana mushonga 2012 [Dhinda Regedzo]. Yakadzorerwa 23 Gumiguru 2018 kubva https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/2012/press-release/

7. Rojahn, Susan Mudiki. "Masayendisiti Anokura 3-D Brain Tissue." MIT Technology Ongororo. Nyamavhuvhu 28, 2013.

1. Cantley, William L .; Du, Chuang; Lomoio, Selene; DePalma, Thomas; Peirent, Emily; Kleinknecht, Dominic; Hunter, Martin; Tang-Schomer, Min D.; Tesco, Giuseppina; Kaplan, David L. ” Inoshanda uye Inochengetedza 3D Yevanhu Neural Network Models kubva kuPuripipentent Stem Maseru. "ACS Biomaterials Sayenzi & Injiniya, chinyorwa cheAmerican Chemical Society. Gumiguru 1, 2018.