Izvo Zvinoita Iyo Chero Pfungwa Kuisa Quantum Mechanics kune Maonero Anofunga Vanhu?

Enda mune chero chitoro chemabhuku uye iwe unogona kuwana mabhuku pane 'quantum computation', 'quantum healing', uye kunyange 'quantum gorofu'. Asi quantum mechanics inotsanangura zvinhu mu microworld ye subatomic particles, handiti? Ndezvipi zvakanaka kuti uishandise kune macroscopic zvinhu senge makomputa uye gorufu, ndoda zvekufunga zvepfungwa senge pfungwa, manzwiro, uye mazano?

Zvichida iri kuiswa senge fananidzo, kubatsira kuita kuti chimwe chinhu chiome kunzwisisa. Asi zviyero zvemagetsi pachazvo zvakaoma; ndiyo imwe yedzidziso dzakaomarara kwazvo dzakambouya nevanhu. Saka isu tainzwisisa sei chimwe chinhu nekukwevera fananidzo kune quantum mechanics?

Mucherechedzo Mhedzisiro muFizikiki

Ini handizive nezve 'kupora kwakawanda' kana 'kwakawanda gorofu', asi ini ndakatanga kufunga nezve mukana ungabatika pakati pequantum dzidziso uye mashandisiro anoita vanhu pfungwa muna 1998 pandaitaura nemudzidzi akapedza kudzidza mufizikiki pane imwe nzvimbo yekutsvagisa muBelgium. Mudzidzi, Franky, anga achindiudza nezvezvimwe zvipingamupinyi zvakakurudzira huwandu hwemakanika. Imwe gangaidzo ndeye chiitiko chekucherechedza: hatigone kuziva chero chinhu pamusoro pequantum tisingayedze, asi zvimedu zvinonzwisisika zvekuti chero chiyero chatingaite zvisingachinjike mamiriro echinhu, zvirokwazvo chinowanzochiparadza zvachose!

Kupinda Mhedzisiro muFizikiki

Chimwe chinokatyamadza ndechekuti huwandu hwakawanda hunogona kupindirana nenzira yakadzama zvekuti vanorasikirwa nehunhu hwavo uye voita seumwe. Zvakare, kudyidzana kunoguma kune chinhu chitsva chine zvivakwa zvakasiyana kubva kune chimwe chezvinhu zvacho. Kana izvi zvikaitika hazvigoneke kuita chiyero cheimwe pasina kukanganisa imwe, uye zvinopesana. Rudzi rutsva rwese rwemasvomhu rwaifanirwa kugadzirirwa kubata nemhando iyi yekubatana pamwechete kana chipingamupinyi, sekudanwa kwazvinoitwa. Ichi chinetso chechipiri - kusungirirwa - chinogona kunge chakabatana zvakadzama nechakavhiringidza chekutanga - chiitiko chekucherechedza - mupfungwa yekuti kana mucherechedzi akaita chiyero, iye mucherechedzi neuyo akacherekedza anogona kunge akapindirana.

Pfungwa

Ndakaona kuna Franky kuti zvirevo zvakafanana zvinomuka zvine chekuita nerondedzero yemifungo. Pfungwa dzinowanzo fungidzirwa kuti ndidzo dzinoita kuti tikwanise kududzira mamiriro ezvinhu maererano nemamiriro ezvinhu apfuura ayo atinotonga akafanana neazvino. Dzinogona kuve kongiri, senge CHAIRI, kana isingabvumirwe, kunge RAKANAKA. Pachinyakare dzave kutariswa sezvivakwa zvemukati zvinomiririra kirasi yezvinhu zviri munyika. Nekudaro, zvichiwedzera ivo vanofungidzirwa kuti havana chimiro chakamiririrwa, chimiro chavo chiri kusundwa zvine simba nemamiriro ezvinhu mavanobuda.

Semuenzaniso, iyo pfungwa MUDZIMAI inogona kuiswa kune mwana chaiye mwana, chidhori chakagadzirwa chepurasitiki, kana chidiki chidimbu chedanda chakapendwa ne icing pakeke. Munyori wenziyo anogona kufunga nezveMucheche muchirevo chekuda izwi rine nhetembo pamwe. Zvichingodaro. Nepo munguva yakapfuura basa rekutanga remifungo rakafungidzirwa kuve chiratidzo chezvinhu sezviitiko zveimwe kirasi, zvichiwedzera ivo vanoonekwa kwete kungoziva chete asi kutora chinhanho muchizvarwa chechinangwa. Semuenzaniso, kana mumwe achitaura kune wrench diki seBABY WRENCH, mumwe haasi kuyedza kuratidza chipanera sechiitiko cheBABY, kana kuzivisa mucheche semuenzaniso weWRENCH. Nekudaro pfungwa dziri kuita chimwe chinhu chakavanzika uye chakaomarara pane zvemukati zvinomiririra zvinhu zviri kunze kwenyika.

Icho ichi 'chimwe chinhu chakanyanya' chiri uye mashandiro ayo chingave chiri chakakosha basa rinotarisana nepfungwa nhasi; zvakakosha kuti unzwisise kuchinjika uye kuumbwa kwepfungwa dzevanhu. Zvakakosha, semuenzaniso, kuti tinzwisise kuti kupenda, kana mabhaisikopo, kana ndima dzezvinyorwa, zvinouya pamwechete kuve nechirevo kwatiri izvo hazvisi chete kuwanda kwemashoko avo kana zvimwe zvinoumbwa.

Kuti uwane mubato pane ichi 'chimwe chinhu chakanyanya' zvinoda dzidziso yemasvomhu yemafungiro. Nyanzvi dzezvepfungwa dzakaedza kukudziridza dzidziso yemasvomhu yemifungo kwemakumi emakore. Kunyangwe ivo vakaita mushe mushe pakuuya nedzidziso dzinogona kutsanangura nekufungidzira kuti vanhu vanobata sei neyakare, pfungwa dzakazvimiririra, havana kukwanisa kuuya nedzidziso inogona kutsanangura nekufungidzira kuti vanhu vanoita sei nekubatana kana kudyidzana pakati pemifungo, kana kunyangwe dzidziso inogona kutsanangura mashanduriro ainoita zvadzinoshanduka kana zvikaonekwa mumamiriro akasiyana. Uye zviitiko izvo zvakaita kuti zviome kuuya nepfungwa yemasvomhu yemafungiro zvinoyeuchidza zvikuru zviitiko izvo zvakaita kuti zvive zvakaoma kuuya nepfungwa inogona kutsanangura hunhu hwehuwandu hwezvinhu!

Mucherechedzo Mhedzisiro yeConcepts

Pamwoyo pezvakavhiringidzika zvezvose zviri zviviri makemikari uye pfungwa ndiwo mhedzisiro ye mamiriro . Mune quantum mechanics pane pfungwa ye nyika yepasi, mamiriro chidimbu chirimo kana chisiri kudyidzana nechimwe chinhu, kureva, kana chisina kukanganiswa nechero mamiriro. Iyi ndiyo mamiriro ekunyanyisa kugona nekuti ine mukana wekuratidzira huwandu hwenzira dzakasiyana dzakapihwa mamiriro akasiyana aanogona kubatana nawo. Iyo pakarepo iyo PARTICIPLE inotanga kusiya ivhu repasi uye ikawira pasi pesimba rechiyero, inotengesa mune kumwe kugona uku kweichoicho; kuyerwa kwacho kwakagadzirwa uye zvimwe zvacho zvinonzwisiswa zvirinani. Saizvozvo, kana iwe usiri kufunga nezve imwe pfungwa, senge iyo pfungwa TABLE mineti yapfuura, inogona kunge yaivapo mundangariro dzako mune izere kugona. Panguva iyoyo, iyo pfungwa TABLE inogona kushanda kune KITHCEN TABLE, kana POOL TABLE, kana kunyangwe MULTIPLICATION TABLE. Asi masekonzi mashoma apfuura iyo pakarepo paunoverenga izwi TABLE, rakauya pasi pesimba rezvakanangana nekuverenga ichi chinyorwa. Paunoverenga pfungwa yemubatanidzwa POOL TABLE, zvimwe zvinhu zvekugona kwe TABLE zvakawedzera kure (senge kugona kwayo kubata chikafu), nepo vamwe vakawedzera kongiri (senge kugona kwayo kubata mabhora anotenderera). Chero chero mamiriro ezvinhu anounza kuhupenyu zvimwe zvinhu zveizvo zvinogona, uku uchiviga zvimwe zvinhu.

Nekudaro, zvakanyanya sekuti zvivakwa zvechinhu chakakura hachina hunhu hwechokwadi kunze kwekunge muchiyero, maficha kana zvivakwa zvechirevo hazvishandisike kunze kwemamiriro ezvinhu. Mune quantum mechanics, iyo mamiriro uye zvivakwa zvechinhu chakakura zvinokanganiswa nenzira yakarongeka uye yemasvomhu yakanyatsorongedzwa nenzira yekuyera. Saizvozvowo, mamiriro ezvinhu mune iyo pfungwa inosangana isingadzivisike inoratidzira kuti munhu anoona sei iyo pfungwa. Mumwe anogona kureva izvi seyecherechedzo mhedzisiro.

Kubatanidzwa kwePfungwa

Kwete chete kune iyo 'yekucherechedza maitiro' emifungo, kune zvakare kune 'yekukonzeresa mhedzisiro'. Kuti utsanangure izvi, funga zano ISLAND. Kana paine paine paine chinoratidza kana kutsanangura chimiro cheichi pfungwa chingave icho chimiro 'chakakomberedzwa nemvura' yeiyo pfungwa ISLAND. Zvirokwazvo 'kukomberedzwa nemvura' iri pakati kune zvazvinoreva kuva chitsuwa, handiti? Asi rimwe zuva ndakazoona kuti isu tinoti 'kitsuwa chitsuwa' nguva dzese pasina tarisiro yekuti chinhu chatiri kureva nezvacho chakakomberedzwa nemvura (zvirokwazvo zvinogona kuvhiringidza kana vaive yakakomberedzwa nemvura!) Kana KITHCEN ne ISLAND zvikauya pamwechete zvinoratidzira zvivakwa zvisingafungidzirwe pachishandiswa zvivakwa zvemakicheni kana zvivakwa zvezvitsuwa. Dzinobatana kuva chinhu chimwe chete chazvinoreva icho chakakura kudarika icho chemafungiro emamiriro ezvinhu. Uku kusanganiswa kwemafungiro munzira nyowani uye isingatarisirwe kwakakosha kungwara kwevanhu uye ndiwo moyo wegadziriro, uye inogona kufungidzirwa sedambudziko rekukanganisa pfungwa.

Zvingaite senge kooky kuisa zviyero zvemakanika kune chimwe chinhu senge pfungwa, yakaonekwa mune yezvakaitika mamiriro ichi hachisi chiitiko chinoshamisa. Dzidziso zhinji dzaisimbove chikamu chefizikiki izvozvi dzakarongerwa sechikamu chemasvomhu, senge geometry, fungidziro yekufungidzira, uye manhamba. Panguva dzavaionekwa sefizikisi vaitarisa pakuenzanisira zvikamu zvepasi zvine chekuita nefizikiki. Panyaya yejometri iyi yaive maumbirwo muchadenga, uye mune zvingangoitika dzidziso uye manhamba iyi yaive fungidziro yakarongeka yezviitiko zvisina chokwadi mune chaichoicho. Idzi dzidziso dzepakutanga dzakatora izvozvi zvinyorwa zvisinganzwisisike uye dzinoshandiswa zviri nyore mune mamwe masayendisiti, kusanganisira nesainzi dzevanhu, nekuti dzinoonekwa semasvomhu, kwete fizikisi. (Mumwe muenzaniso uri nyore wekuti dzidziso yemasvomhu inoshanda sei munzvimbo dzese dzeruzivo inyaya yenhamba. .)

Mupfungwa iyi ndipo pandakatanga kufunga kushandisa masvomhu zvimiro zvinouya kubva kuquantum mechanics kuvaka chirevo chechimiro chemafungiro, pasina kubatanidza chirevo chemuviri chakanangwa kwavari kana chichiiswa kune microworld. Ini ndakafara kuudza chiremba wangu wezvechiremba, Diederik Aerts, nezve iri zano. Akange atoshandisa generalizations yequantum mechanics kurondedzera chirevo chinoreva nhema (semuenzaniso, sei paunoverenga chirevo chakadai sekuti 'Uyu mutongo ndewenhema', pfungwa dzako dzinochinja dzichidzokera pakati pe 'chokwadi' uye 'chisiri chokwadi'). Dai paive nechero munhu aigona kukoshesa iyo pfungwa yekushandisa zviyero zviyero kumafungiro, zvirokwazvo angave iye. Pandakamuudza, zvakadaro, akati izvo nekuda kwehunyanzvi zvikonzero izvo zvandanga ndichiedza kuita zvaisashanda.

Ini handina kukwanisa kupa pane zano, zvakadaro. Intuitively yainzwa zvakanaka. Uye zvakazoitika, kana wangu chipangamazano aisakwanisa. Tese takaramba tichifunga nezvazvo. Uye mumwedzi yakazotevera yakatanga kutaridzika sekunge tese taive takarurama. Ndokunge, iyo nzira yemasvomhu yandakange ndati yakanga isiriyo, asi zano repasi rakanga rakarurama, kana zvirinani, paive nenzira yekuita nezvazvo.

Zvino, pamusoro pemakore gumi gare gare, kune nharaunda yevanhu vanoshanda pane izvi uye zvimwe zvinoenderana nekushandisa kwequantum mechanics kuti pfungwa dzinobata sei mazwi, mazano, uye kuita sarudzo, yakakosha nyaya ye 'Journal of Mathematical Psychology' yakapihwa kune musoro wenyaya, uye musangano wepagore we 'Quantum Interaction' musangano wakaitirwa munzvimbo dzakaita seOxford neStanford. Paive paine kunyange symposium pairi paMusangano wegore ra2011 weCognitive Science Society. Haisi iro rakakurumbira bazi rezvepfungwa, asi harisi se 'fringe' sezvaimboita.

Mune imwe posvo ini ndinokurukura mashura matsva 'asiri echassassical' masvomhu akagadziriswa kutsanangura hunhu hwehuwandu hwezvinhu, uye mashandisirwo ayo kurondedzero yemafungiro uye mashandiro ainoita mupfungwa medu. Zvichaenderera mberi.....