Shanje Dzinotungamira Kuhunhu Hwevanhu?

Nepo godo richinzi "chikara chine maziso akasvibirira," shanje rinowanzoonekwa semutambi waro, mumwe asina mhosva. Naizvozvo, pave paine ongororo shoma nezve mhedzisiro yegodo. Zvidzidzo zviripo zvinoratidza kuti shanje rakabatana nekudzikisira hupenyu hwemunhu, zvisinei, kushoma kutsvagurudza kwakaongorora mhedzisiro yehunhu (Behler, Wall, Bos, & Green, 2020). Behler et al. (2020) saka yakaitisa seti yekuyedza kuti unzwisise kana shanje dzinogona kutungamira mukukuvara kwevanhu. Kunze kwekudzidza zvinokonzereswa neshanje, vaongorori vakatarisa kuonga, uko kunogona kufungidzirwa sekusiyana kweshanje kwakapihwa kuti munhu anotenda anokoshesa izvo zvavanazvo, nepo munhu ane godo achida izvo vamwe vanazvo.

Chidzidzo 1

Muchidzidzo chekutanga, vatsvagiridzi vakanotora muyenzaniso wakasiyana siyana wevane zana negumi nevatatu vakapedza kudzidza kuyunivhesiti kuEast mhenderekedzo yeU.S. MuRabhoritari, vatori vechikamu vakapinda muchiitiko chekunyora chakagadzirirwa kukonzera godo, kuonga, kana kusarerekera kwenyika. Mumamiriro egodo, vatori vechikamu vakaudzwa kuti: "Shanje manzwiro asina kunaka kana mamiriro emanzwiro anokonzerwa nechishuwo chekuva nezvinhu, kubudirira, kana hunhu hweumwe wako" (p.3). Tevere, ivo vakarairwa kushandisa maminetsi gumi vachinyora nezve chiitiko icho chavakanzwa godo. Mumamiriro ekutenda, vatori vechikamu vakaudzwa kuti: "Kuonga manzwiro akanaka kana mamiriro emanzwiro anokonzerwa nekucherechedza masosi erunako kune vamwe uye mabhenefiti awakatambira kubva kune vamwe" (p.3). Zvakafanana nemamiriro ezvinhu egodo, vatori vechikamu vakabva vanyora nezve chiitiko chavakanzwira rutendo. Chekupedzisira, mune yekusarerekera mamiriro, vatori vechikamu vakafunga nezve "zvakajairika kudyidzana" nemutengesi uye ndokuzonyora nezve kwavo kunzwa panguva iyi yekudyidzana.

Mushure mebasa rekunyora, vatori vechikamu vakatanhwa nemumwe murume-murume kana mukadzi waaifunga kuti vaizopedzisa rimwe basa naye. Mumwe wevasikana mumwechete akasarudzwa sevanhu vane mukana wekuzvienzanisa neavo vakafanana navo. Uyu mudiwa anga ari mubatanidzwa wakadzidziswa uyo akabva "netsaona" akadonhedza pasi kapu yemapenzura makumi matatu apo muyedza anga abuda mumba. Mubatanidzwa wakabva watora mapenzura zvishoma nezvishoma ndokunyora pasi mapenzura mangani aivabatsira.

Vatsvakurudzi vakaona kuti avo vakanyengerwa kuti vanzwe godo vakatora mapenzura mashoma (10.36 paavhareji) zvichienzaniswa neavo vari mukutenda (13.50 mapenzura paavhareji) kana kwazvakarerekera (13.48 mapenzura paavhareji) mamiriro. Zvichakadaro, avo vari mukutenda uye vasina kwavakarerekera mamiriro havana kusiyana nenhamba yepenzura dzavanotora.

Chidzidzo 2

MuChidzidzo 2, vaongorori vaive nechinangwa chekunzwisisa kuti shanje dzinogona kukuvadza pane kungoda kusabatsira. Muenzaniso wakasiyana-siyana wevadzidzi 127 vanobva kuyunivhesiti imwechete seChidzidzo 1 vakapinda murabhoritari uye vakapiwa imwe yeaya mamiriro ezvinhu matatu: shanje, rutendo, kana kwazvakarerekera. Kuti vakurudzire manzwiro, ivo vaongorori vakashandisa zvakafanana mabasa ekunyora senge muChidzidzo 1 nekusara kumwe. Nekuda kwekunetsekana kuti basa remutengesi rinogona kunge rakakonzera manzwiro akanaka, vadzidzi vari mune zvematongerwo enyika vakabvunzwa kuti vacherechedze ruzivo rwekamuri yavaive uye kuti vanyora nezve izvi zvirevo.

Mushure mezvo, vatori vechikamu vakapedza vhezheni yakashandurwa yeTangram Rubatsiro rwekurwadzisa Task (Saleem et al., 2015), mutambo wepuzzle uyo vatori vechikamu vanogona kubatsira kana kukuvadza vamwe vavo. Mune ino kesi, vatori vechikamu vakaudzwa kuti ivo nemumwe wavo vaizosarudza mapuzzle, akasiyana mukuoma, kune mumwe nemumwe. Ivo vakaudzwa zvakare kuti kana ivo vese vakapedza ese mapuzzle mumaminetsi gumi, ivo vaizogashira imwe neimwe yekuwedzera .25 mapoinzi echokwadi chikwereti. Nekudaro, kana vakatadza kupedzisa mapuzzle mumaminitsi gumi, mumwe chete wavo, anokurumidza, ndiye aigamuchira imwe kosi yechikwereti. Munhu uyu aigamuchira .5 yekuwedzera mapoinzi echokwadi chikwereti.

Zviwanikwa zvakaratidza kuti vatori vechikamu avo vakanyengererwa kuti vanzwe godo vaive nemikana yakawanda kupfuura yeavo vasina kwazvakarerekera kana mamiriro ekutenda ekupa mapuzzle akaoma kune mumwe wavo. Avo vari muchimiro chegodo vakashumawo chishuwo chikuru chekukuvadza mumwe (kureva, chinangwa chekuvaomesera kuti vatore zvikwereti) zvichienzaniswa neavo vasina kwazvakarerekera. Kupesana nezvitarisirwa, pakange pasina misiyano muchishuwo chekukuvadza kune avo vane godo maringe nemamiriro ekutenda. Zvinotoshamisa kuti pakange pasinawo mutsauko pakati pemapoka matatu mune chishuwo chekubatsira mudiwa kana kupihwa mapuzzle akareruka kune mumwe. Vatsvagiri vanoratidza kuti kushomeka kwekusiyana kwehunhu hwehunhu kunogona kukonzerwa nemakwikwi mamiriro ezvinhu.

Zvazvinoreva

Zvakatorwa pamwechete, izvi zvakawanikwa zvinoratidza kuti shanje dzinogona kukonzera vanhu kwete kungorega kubatsira vamwe asiwo kukuvadza vamwe. Zvakakosha, zvinokuvadza zvevamwe zvinokanganisa kune avo vasiri ivo vepakutanga tarisiro yegodo. Muchidzidzo ichi, vatori vechikamu vakakuvadza (kana kuti havana kubatsira) munhu wausingazive nekuda kwekunzwa kwavo godo.

Chidzidzo chacho chakawanawo zvisingatarisirwi kuti kudzikisira kuonga hakuna kusimudzira hunhu hwevanhu kana kudzikisira maitiro ehukama mukuenzanisa neyakarerekera mamiriro. Vatsvaguriri vanotaura kuti meta-ongororo ichangoburwa (semuenzaniso, Dickens, 2017) vakurudzirawo kuti nepo kupindira kwekutenda kuchikwidziridza kunaka kwehunhu, ivo havasi kushanda mukuvandudza hukama hwehukama. Vatsvakurudzi vanoratidza kuti pachinzvimbo, mabasa ekuzvisimbisa-ega, umo munhu anofunga nezvehunhu hwakakosha kwazvo kwavari, hunogona kushandiswa kudzivirira vanhu kuti varege kunzwa kukuvadza kweshanje.