Kunyepedzera Kwekristaro: Kurasika Kwekutenda Iwe Pachako Zvakanyanyisa

Zvemukati

• Rudzi rwekuchinja kwepfungwa kunoenderana nepfungwa yekunyepedzera yekuti muviri pachawo unogadzirwa negirazi.
• Kufungidzira kana kunyengedza kwekristaro: zviratidzo
• Chinhu chinowanzoitika muMiddle Ages
• Mhosva dzichiripo nanhasi
• Dzidziso pamusoro pezvinokonzera

Rudzi rwekuchinja kwepfungwa kunoenderana nepfungwa yekunyepedzera yekuti muviri pachawo unogadzirwa negirazi.

Munhoroondo yese pave paine huwandu hwakawanda hwezvirwere zvakakonzera kukuvadza kukuru uye kukuvadza kuvanhu uye nekufamba kwenguva vakapedzisira vanyangarika. Iyi ndiyo mamiriro edenda dema kana iyo inonzi Spanish flu. Asi hazvina kungoitika chete nezvirwere zvekurapa, asi kwave kune zvakare kwakajairika kurwara kwepfungwa kweimwe yakatarwa nguva kana nhanho. Muenzaniso weiyi ndiyo inonzi yekristaro kunyengedza kana kunyengedza kwekristaro, shanduko yatichataura nezvayo muchinyorwa chino.

Kufungidzira kana kunyengedza kwekristaro: zviratidzo

Inogamuchira zita rekunyengera kana rekristaro kunyepedzera, zvakajairika uye zvakanyanya kusagadzikana kwepfungwa kweMiddle Ages uye Renaissance iyo inozivikanwa ne kuvapo kwekutenda kwekunyepedzera kwekugadzirwa kwegirazi, iwo muviri pachawo uine hunhu hweizvi uye kunyanya kupfava kwawo.

Mupfungwa iyi, yakaramba yakamisikidzwa, ichiramba, isingachinjiki kunyangwe paine humbowo hwakapesana uye pasina kubvumirana munharaunda kuti muviri pachawo waive girazi, wakasimba uye wakaputsika nyore.

Kutenda uku kwakafambirana kutya kwakanyanya uye kutya, zvine hungwaru, kune pfungwa yekutyora kana kutyora padiki padiki kurova, kugara uchigashira hunhu hwakadai sekudzivirira kusangana panyama nevamwe, kuenda kure nemidziyo nemakona, kuita tsvina kumira kudzivirira kutyora kana kusunga makushingi uye kupfeka mbatya dzakasimbiswa pamwe navo kudzivirira kukuvara kana wakagara kana kufamba.

Iko kusagadzikana kuri mubvunzo kunogona kusanganisira kunzwa kwekuti muviri wese wakagadzirwa negirazi kana inogona kusanganisira chete zvikamu zvakanangana, senge kumagumo. Mune zvimwe zviitiko zvaitofungidzirwa kuti nhengo dzemukati dzakagadzirwa negirazi, kutambura kwepfungwa uye kutya kwevanhu ava kuve kwakanyanya.

Chinhu chinowanzoitika muMiddle Ages

Sezvatakataura, kusagadzikana uku kwakaonekwa muMiddle Ages, nhanho yenhoroondo umo girazi rakatanga kushandiswa muzvinhu zvakaita segirazi rakasviba kana malenzi ekutanga.

Imwe yeakare-kare uye anozivikanwa kesi ndeyeye French monarch Carlos VI, akatumidzwa zita remadunhurirwa rekuti "anodiwa" (sezvo iye sezviri pachena akarwa nehuwori hwakaunzwa nema regents ake) asi zvakare "mupengo" nekuti akazopedzisira achitambura nezvinetso zvakasiyana zvepfungwa, pakati peavo vane zvikamu zvepfungwa (kupedza hupenyu hwemumwe wevatengesi ) uye kuve pakati pavo kunyengera kwekristaro. Monarch akapfekedzwa nguo yakapoteredzwa kudzivirira kukuvara kubva kune zvingangodonha uye akaramba akamira kwemaawa marefu.

Kwaive zvakare kumukira kweMambokadzi Alexandra Amelie wekuBavaria, uye yevamwe vanokudzwa uye vagari (kazhinji vemakirasi epamusoro). Munyori Tchaikovsky akaratidzira zvakare zviratidzo zvinoratidza kusagadzikana uku, achitya kuti musoro wake ungangodonha pasi apo airidza orchestra nekutyora, uye kunyangwe akabata ruoko kuti azvidzivirire.

Muchokwadi yaive yakajairika mamiriro zvekuti kunyangwe René Descartes akataura nezvayo mune rimwe remabasa ake uye iri kunyange mamiriro akatambura nemumwe wevanhu vaMiguel de Cervantes mune yake "El Licenciado Vidriera".

Zvinyorwa zvinoratidza kuwanda kwakanyanya kwechirwere ichi kunyanya panguva yekupera kweMiddle Ages uye neRenaissance, kunyanya pakati pezana regumi nemana nemana regumi nenomwe. Nekudaro, nekufamba kwenguva uye sezvo girazi rakawedzera kuwanda uye kushoma ngano (pakutanga zvaionekwa sechinhu chega uye kunyange zvemashiripiti), kusagadzikana uku kwaizodzikira mu frequency kusvika zvichinyangarika mushure megore ra1830.

Mhosva dzichiripo nanhasi

Iko kwekunyepedzera kwekristaro kwaive kunyengera, sezvatakataura, izvo zvakave nekuwedzera kwazvo mukati meMiddle Ages uye izvo sezviri pachena zvakapera kuvapo munenge muna 1830.

Nekudaro, chiremba wepfungwa wechiDutch anonzi Andy Lameijin akawana rondedzero yemurwere kubva kuma1930 uyo akaburitsa fungidziro yekunyepedzera kuti makumbo ake akagadzirwa negirazi uye kuti kurohwa kushoma kunogona kuatyora, kuchikonzera chero nzira kana mukana wekuputika kunetseka kukuru kana kunyangwe kuzvikuvadza

Mushure mekuverenga iyi kesi, iyo zviratidzo zviri pachena zvakafanana neyechirwere chepakati, chiremba wepfungwa akaenderera mberi achiongorora zviratidzo zvakafanana uye akawana akasiyana akasiyana kesi dzevanhu vane zvakafanana kunyengera.

Nekudaro, iye akawanawo mhenyu uye yazvino kesi pakati chaipo paanoshanda, muEndegeest Psychiatric Hospital muLeiden: murume akati akanzwa kugadzirwa kwegirazi kana kristaro mushure mekuita tsaona.

Nekudaro, mune ino kesi paive nemusiyano hunhu zvine chekuita nevamwe, yakanyanya kutarisisa pahunhu hwekujeka kwegirazi pane kuonda : murwere akataura kuti anokwanisa kuoneka nekunyangarika kubva pakuonekwa kwevamwe, zvichimuita kuti anzwe zvinoenderana nemazwi emurwere iye ega "Ndiri pano, asi ini handisi, sekristaro."

Izvo zvinofanirwa kutariswa, zvisinei, kuti iko kwekunyepedzera kwekristaro kana kwekunyepedzera kuchiri kutariswa sedambudziko renhoroondo repfungwa uye kuti inogona kutariswa semhedzisiro kana chikamu chemamwe matambudziko, senge schizophrenia.

Dzidziso pamusoro pezvinokonzera

Kutsanangura kusagadzikana kwepfungwa uko kusiko kusipo nhasi kwakanyanyisa kuomarara, asi kuburikidza nezviratidzo, dzimwe nyanzvi dzave dzichipa fungidziro mune izvi.

Muzhinji, zvinogona kufungidzirwa kuti kusagadzikana uku kunogona kutanga senzira yekudzivirira muvanhu vane yakanyanya kumanikidza uye iko kudiwa kwekuratidzira imwe yemagariro mufananidzo, kuve mhinduro kune kutya kuratidza kuserera.

Kuonekwa kwaro uye kutsakatika kwechirwere ichi zvakare kwakabatana nekushanduka kwekufungisisa kwechinhu ichi, zvichiwanzoitika kuti madingindira ekunyengera uye nematambudziko epfungwa akasiyana anobatana nekushanduka uye zvinhu zvenguva imwe neimwe.

Munyaya ichangoburwa yakapindwa naLameijin, chiremba wepfungwa akafunga kuti tsananguro ingangoitika yechirwere ichi. kudiwa kwekutsvaga yekuvanzika uye yega nzvimbo pamberi pekutarisirwa kwakanyanya nenzvimbo yemurwere, chiratidzo chiri muchimiro chekutenda mukugona kuve pachena segirazi nzira yekuyedza kupatsanura nekuchengetedza munhu akazvimiririra.

Iyi pfungwa yeshanduro yazvino yechirwere ichi inokonzerwa nekuzvidya mwoyo kunogadzirwa nenharaunda yanhasi yakasarudzika uye yakatarisika-nharaunda ine yakakwira yekuzviparadzanisa wega kunyangwe paine makuru masisitimu ekutaurirana.